Table 2.

Exogenous and endogenous lipid antigens presented by CD1 molecules

Source	Lipid antigen	CD1 isoform	References
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Didehydroxymycobactins	CD1a	Moody et al. 2004
M. tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp	Mycolic acids	CD1b	Beckman et al. 1994
M. tuberculosis Nocardia farcinica	Glucose monomycolate	CD1b	Moody et al. 1997 Batuwangala et al. 2004
Mycobacterium bovis BCG M. tuberculosis	Glycerol monomycolate	CD1b	Layre et al. 2009
M. tuberculosis	Sulfoglycolipid Diacylated sulfoglycolipids	CD1b	Guiard et al. 2009 Gilleron et al. 2004
M. tuberculosis Mycobacterium leprae	Lipoarabinomannan	CD1b	Sieling et al. 1995
M. tuberculosis	Phosphatidylinnositol mannosides	CD1b CD1d	Cala-De Paepe et al. 2012 Fischer et al. 2004
M. tuberculosis Mycobacterium avium	Isoprenoid glycolipids Hexosyl-1-phosphoisoprenoids Mannosyl-β-1-phosphodolichols	CD1c	Moody et al. 2000
Corynebacterium glutamicum M. tuberculosis Listeria monocytogenes	Phospholipids Diphosphatidylglycerol Phosphatidylinositol Phosphatidylglycerol	CD1d	Fischer et al. 2004 Tatituri et al. 2013 Wolf et al. 2015
Sphingomonas spp Ehrlichia muris	Glycosphingolipids Glucuronosylceramide Galactouronosylceramide	CD1d	Kinjo et al. 2005 Mattner et al. 2005
Bacteroides fragilis	Glycosphingolipid	CD1d	Wieland Brown et al. 2013
Borellia burgdorferi Streptococcus pneumoniae	Diacylglycerols Galactosyl diacylglycerol Glucosyl diacylglycerol	CD1d	Kinjo et al. 2006 Kinjo et al. 2011
Helicobacter pylori	Glucosyl cholesterol	CD1d	Chang et al. 2011 Ito et al. 2013
Aspergillus fumigatus	Asperamide B β-linked glucosylceramide	CD1d	Cohen et al. 2011
Leishmania donovani Entamoeba histolytica	Lipophosphoglycans Acylated lysophosphatidyl inositol	CD1d	Amprey et al. 2004 Lotter et al. 2009
Agelas mauritianus	α-Galactosylceramide	CD1d	Kawano et al. 1997 Zajonc et al. 2005a Koch et al. 2005
Cupressus sempervirens	Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (18:2/18:2)	CD1a	Agea et al. 2005
Toxicodendron spp	Urushiol	CD1a	Kim et al. 2016
Mammalian (self)	Wax esters Triacylglycerols Free fatty acids Squalene	CD1a	de Jong et al. 2010 de Jong et al. 2014
	Sulfatide	CD1a, b, c CD1d	Zajonc et al. 2003 Shamshiev et al. 2002 Bai et al. 2012
	Isoglobotriaosylceramide (iGb3)	CD1d	Zhou et al. 2004b
	GM1 ganglioside	CD1b	Shamshiev et al. 2000
	GQ1b ganglioside	CD1b	Ishida et al. 1994
	GD3 ganglioside	CD1d	Wu et al. 2003
	Mannosyl β-1-phosphodolichol	CD1c	Moody et al. 2000
	Phospholipids and lysophospholipids Phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine	CD1b, d	Gadola et al. 2002 Cox et al. 2009 Fox et al. 2009
	Sphingomyelin Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylinositol GM2 and GM3 gangliosides	CD1c, d CD1c, d CD1c CD1d	Haig et al. 2011
	Methyllysophosphatidic acids (leukemia cells)	CD1c	Lepore et al. 2014