Table 2.
Studies of word reading included in the meta‐analysis
| Author (year) | Contrasts | Tasks | N | No. of foci |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al. (2015) | Real/pseudo characters > rest | Lexical decision | 16 | 10 |
| Real/pseudo words > rest | Lexical decision | 16 | 13 | |
| Zhang, Xiao, and Weng (2012) | Word > rest | Lexical decision | 28 | 43 |
| Liu et al. (2008) | Real characters > checkerboard | Font size judgement | 14 | 5 |
| Pseudo characters > checkerboard | Font size judgement | 14 | 10 | |
| Liu, Dunlap, Fiez, and Perfetti (2007) | Real words > fixation | Covert reading | 23 | 14 |
| Pseudo words > fixation | Covert reading | 23 | 14 | |
| Meschyan and Hernandez (2006) | Words > rest | Covert reading | 12 | 12 |
| Bonner‐Jackson, Haut, Csernansky, and Barch (2005) | Words > fixation | Letter discriminate | 26 | 50 |
| Ragland et al. (2005) | Words > fixation | Uppercase judgement | 14 | 10 |
| Booth et al. (2004) | Words > rest | Visual discrimination | 16 | 9 |
| Eyler, Olsen, Jeste, and Brown (2004) | Letter strings > fixation | Letter detection | 10 | 4 |
| Cohen et al. (2003) | (words + letter strings) > fixation | Covert reading | 9 | 11 |
| (words + letter strings) > checkerboard | Covert reading | 9 | 7 | |
| Ding et al. (2003) | Characters > fixation | Radical judgement | 6 | 9 |
| Longcamp, Anton, Roth, and Velay (2003) | Letter > line | Passive viewing | 11 | 7 |
| Kubicki et al. (2003) | Words > rest | Uppercase judgement | 9 | 3 |
| Fu, Chen, Smith, Iversen, and Matthews (2002) | Characters (present quickly) > fixation | Covert reading | 8 | 35 |
| Characters (present slowly) > fixation | Covert reading | 8 | 20 | |
| Dehaene et al. (2001) | Words > rest | Covert reading | 37 | 15 |
| Mechelli et al. (2000) | Words > rest | Covert reading | 6 | 18 |
| Pseudo words > rest | Covert reading | 6 | 20 | |
| Stevens, Skudlarski, Gatenby, and Gore (2000) | Letter strings > rest | Letter detection | 10 | 20 |
| Tagamets, Novick, Chalmers, and Friedman (2000) | Words > shapes | Visual discrimination | 11 | 18 |
| Pseudowords > shapes | Visual discrimination | 11 | 20 | |
| Letter strings > shapes | Visual discrimination | 11 | 31 |