Table 2.
Presentation of Human Coronavirus Lower Respiratory Tract Disease Episodes
| Characteristic | Totala (n = 37) | Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients (n = 30) | Patients With Hematologic Malignancy (n = 7) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory symptomsb | 34 (92) | 27 (90) | 7 (100) |
| Abnormal lung examinationc | 25 (68) | 21 (70) | 4 (57) |
| Abnormal findings on chest imagingd | 34 (92) | 27 (90) | 7 (100) |
| HCoV strain | |||
| OC43 | 11 (30) | 10 (33) | 1 (14) |
| NL63 | 5 (14) | 4 (13) | 1 (14) |
| 229E | 4 (11) | 4 (13) | 0 |
| HKU1 | 3 (11) | 3 (10) | 0 |
| Unknown | 14 (38) | 9 (30) | 5 (71) |
| Respiratory copathogen | 21 (57) | 18 (60) | 3 (43) |
| None | 16 (43) | 12 (40) | 4 (57) |
| Viruses | 5 (13) | 3 (10) | 2 (29) |
| Bacteria | 4 (11) | 4 (13) | |
| Fungi | 4 (11) | 4 (13) | |
| Multiple | 8 (22) | 7 (23) | 1 (14) |
| Quantitative viral load, log10 copies/mL, median (range) | 5.4 (2.4–9.0) | 5.3 (2.4–7.8) | 6.1 (3.4–7.4) |
| WBC count ≤1000 × 106 cells/L | 11 (30) | 7 (23) | 4 (57) |
| Lymphocyte count ≤300 × 106 cells/L | 19 (51) | 15 (50) | 4 (57) |
| Neutrophil count ≤500 × 106 cells/L | 14 (38) | 9 (30) | 5 (71) |
| Monocyte count ≤300 × 106 cells/L | 24 (65) | 19 (63) | 5 (71) |
| Steroid dosee | |||
| None | 14 (38) | 7 (23) | 7 (100) |
| ≤1 mg/kg | 13 (35) | 13 (43) | 0 |
| >1 mg/kg | 10 (27) | 10 (33) | 0 |
| Oxygen requirement at diagnosis | 23 (62) | 20 (67) | 3 (43) |
Data are presented as No. (11) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: HCoV, human coronavirus; WBC, white blood cell.
aTwo patients had separated HCoV lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) episodes. The first patient developed LRTD 361 days and 415 days following hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), respectively. The second patient developed LRTD 425 days before and 11 days after HCT, respectively.
bCough or dyspnea.
cCrackles, wheeze, rhonchi, or decreased breath sound.
dAny new abnormal lung findings except for single nodule.
eMaximum daily dose within 2 weeks prior to diagnosis.