Table 5.
Case-control studies for association of chronic HCV infection with renal cancer (RC).
| Author | Country | Study design | Sample size (n) |
HCV (+) cases/total cases (n) |
HCV (+) controls/total controls (n) |
OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gonzalez et al. [38] | USA | Hospital-based RCC versus CC |
240 | 11/140∗ 9/11∗∗ |
1/100∗ 0/1∗∗ |
24.2 (2.4–>999.9)∗∗ |
0.043∗∗ |
| Malaguarnera et al. [39] |
Italy | Case-control | 536 | 8/15 (53%) | 30/300 (10%) | N/A | <0.001 |
| Budakoğlu et al. [40] |
Turkey | Hospital-based cases Controls from general population |
6170 | 15/903 (1.7%) | 81/5267 (1.5%) | N/A | 0.77 |
CC: colon cancer (controls); ∗cases and controls tested for anti HCV; ∗∗anti-HCV (+) cases and controls tested for HCV RNA; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; NA: not available.