Table 3.
Duration, adherence, and side effects of preconception and prenatal supplements among 4417 women participating in PRECONCEPT a micronutrient supplementation trial in Vietnam
| Preconception supplementc | MM (1469) | IFA (1489) | FA (1459) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of supplementation (weeks) | 54.0 ± 29.3 | 57.2 ± 28.7 | 57.1 ± 28.6 a |
| Adherence (%) | |||
| 100% | 17.2 | 14.6 | 14.7 |
| 80–99% | 60.3 | 63.3 | 63.3 |
| < 80% | 22.5 | 22.1 | 21.9 |
| Reported side effects (any; %) | 31.0 | 19.2 | 15.8a,b |
| Fever (%) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
| Vomiting (%) | 6.5 | 2.4 | 2.2a |
| Nausea (%) | 20.2 | 9.3 | 7.3a |
| Bloody stool (dark color) (%) | 5.0 | 4.7 | 2.7a,b |
| Diarrhea (%) | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
| Headache (%) | 13.3 | 9.9 | 8.2a,b |
| Vaginal Discharge (%) | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| Reported aftertaste (%) | 13.1 | 8.0 | 6.6a,b |
| Prenatal Supplementd,e | MM (370) | IFA (404) | FA (409)f |
| Duration (weeks) | 27.7 ± 8.0 | 27.5 ± 8.6 | 28.6 ± 7.9 |
| Adherence (%) | |||
| 100% | 19.5 | 23.2 | 17.9 |
| 80–99% | 65.1 | 58.4 | 65.3 |
| < 80% | 18.0 | 18.5 | 19.0 |
| Reported side effects (any; %) | 12.4 | 15.3 | 13.9 |
| Fever (%) | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.2 |
| Vomiting (%) | 4.6 | 5.7 | 4.7 |
| Nausea (%) | 7.6 | 5.9 | 9.1 |
| Bloody stool (dark color) (%) | 2.4 | 4.7 | 1.5 |
| Diarrhea (%) | 0.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 |
| Headache (%) | 4.3 | 3.7 | 4.4 |
| Vaginal Discharge (%) | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
| Reported aftertaste (%) | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.2 |
aMM group was significantly different from FA (p < 0.05)
bIFA was significantly different from FA (p < 0.05)
cPRECONCEPT was the supplement provided during the preconception supplementation intervention (MM: Multiple Micronutrients; IFA: Iron and Folic Acid; FA = Folic Acid)
dthe prenatal supplement containing IFA
eSubsample of women who became pregnant
fThe information is presented divided into preconception supplementation groups for consistency purposes, however all women received the same prenatal supplement (daily IFA) during pregnancy