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. 2017 May 16;16:65. doi: 10.1186/s12933-017-0547-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Illustration of potential synergistic effects of SGLT2 inhibitor with GLP-1 receptor agonists in DKD therapy. SGLT2i Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, GLP1-RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, UGE urinary glucose excretion, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, SBP systolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, DKD diabetic kidney disease