Fig. 2.

The effect of SAHA on caspase activity, ROS accumulation, cell growth, and viability of WI-38 and VA13 cells. (A and B) Production of ROS in WI-38 cells (A) and VA13 cells (B) cultured without (control) or with 5 μM SAHA for 48 h is shown. ROS values were calculated as the percent mean fluorescence of cells cultured with SAHA compared with that of control cells, i.e., 95% for WI-38 and 174% for VA13 cells. Cells were labeled with oxidative-sensitive dye C-400 and analyzed by flow cytometer for increases in Fl-1 fluorescence. As a control, cells were labeled with C-400 in the presence of 10 μM H₂O₂. (C) Caspase activity in the WI-38 and VA13 cells cultured without (control) and with 5 μM SAHA, 50 μM Z-VAD-fmk, or 5 μM SAHA plus 50 μM Z-VAD-fmk is shown. (D) Cell growth-expressed percent of control cultures of WI-38 and VA13 cells is shown. (E) Dead cells in WI-38 and VA13 cells cultured without (control) and with 5 μM SAHA, 50 μM Z-VAD-fmk, or 5 μM SAHA plus 50 μM Z-VAD-fmk at 48 h are shown. All determinations were performed in duplicate, and at least two separate studies were performed for each cell line.