Figure 8.

Mitochondria-specific antioxidants suppress JNK activity and improve insulin signaling. A, B) Scramble and DsbA-L RNAi stable mouse hepatocytes were incubated with NAC (A) or MitoTempo (B) for 20 h, and JNK phosphorylation was determined by Western blot analysis. B, C) Cells were incubated with NAC (C) or MitoTempo (D) for 20 h. Then cells were washed and incubated with serum-free medium for 2 h before treatment with insulin (10 nM) for 5 min. Cells in culture dish were lysed, and insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation was determined by Western blot analysis. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments, and all values represent means ± sem. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (1-way ANOVA).