Table 4.
The role of race and gender on the relationship between suicidal ideation and attempt and use as well as dependence of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis, adjusted for main effects of gender, race, Hispanic, and age (N=3,277). Results represent odds-ratios (95% confidence intervals).
| Main effect of Predictor | Predictor × Male | Predictor × Male (adj*) | Predictor × AA | Predictor × AA (adj*) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Alcohol use -> SI & SA | |||||
| Suicidal ideation | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) | 0.67 (0.51, 0.88) | 0.63 (0.48, 0.84) | 0.72 (0.49, 1.04) | – |
| Suicide attempt | 1.49 (1.07, 2.07) | 0.54 (0.31, 0.93) | 0.43 (0.24, 0.75) | 0.76 (0.36, 1.61) | – |
| Early Nicotine use -> SI & SA | |||||
| Suicidal ideation | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 0.74 (0.53, 1.04) | – | 0.50 (0.30, 0.82) | 0.52 (0.32, 0.86) |
| Suicide attempt | 1.66 (1.17, 2.37) | 0.37 (0.19, 0.71) | 0.33 (0.17, 0.64) | 0.29 (0.09, 0.94) | 0.31 (0.10, 1.00) |
| Early Cannabis use -> SI & SA | |||||
| Suicidal ideation | 1.06 (0.88, 1.27) | 0.79 (0.58, 1.10) | – | 0.64 (0.45, 0.92) | 0.70 (0.49, 1.00) |
| Suicide attempt | 1.45 (1.00, 2.12) | 0.42 (0.23, 0.77) | 0.37 (0.20, 0.69) | 0.34 (0.15, 0.77) | 0.35 (0.15, 0.79) |
| SI -> substance use/dependence | |||||
| Alcohol use | 0.61 (0.50, 0.75) | 0.94 (0.63, 1.42) | – | 0.77 (0.48, 1.25) | – |
| Alcohol dependence | 1.17 (0.95, 1.44) | 1.09 (0.78, 1.53) | – | 0.52 (0.34, 0.80) | 0.49 (0.32, 0.77) |
| Nicotine use | 0.66 (0.57, 0.77) | 1.33 (1.01, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.96, 1.67) | 0.69 (0.50, 0.94) | 0.69 (0.50, 0.95) |
| Nicotine dependence | 1.15 (0.97, 1.36) | 1.38 (1.04, 1.84) | 1.19 (0.89, 1.58) | 0.69 (0.49, 0.98) | 0.68 (0.47, 0.97) |
| Cannabis use | 0.68 (0.58, 0.79) | 1.14 (0.84, 1.55) | – | 1.20 (0.85, 1.71) | – |
| Cannabis dependence | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 2.04 (1.50, 2.78) | 2.02 (1.47, 2.78) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.22) | – |
| SA -> substance use/dependence | |||||
| Alcohol use | 0.94 (0.72, 1.25) | 0.95 (0.52, 1.71) | – | 0.69 (0.40, 1.19) | – |
| Alcohol dependence | 1.68 (1.21, 2.34) | 0.99 (0.53, 1.85) | – | 0.45 (0.22, 0.92) | 0.40 (0.19, 0.84) |
| Nicotine use | 1.02 (0.76, 1.37) | 1.26 (0.69, 2.30) | – | 0.67 (0.37, 1.21) | – |
| Nicotine dependence | 1.68 (1.28, 2.22) | 1.08 (0.61, 1.91) | 0.60 (0.34, 1.07) | ||
| Cannabis use | 0.94 (0.70, 1.26) | 1.13 (0.60, 2.13) | – | 1.40 (0.79, 2.46) | – |
| Cannabis dependence | 1.61 (1.21, 2.16) | 2.06 (1.19, 3.56) | 2.43 (1.41, 4.17) | 0.59 (0.31, 1.09) | – |
Adjusted for: AA: race is African-American; H: Hispanic, EDx: Externalizing disorders (conduct, oppositional defiant, hyperactivity-impulsivity component of attention-deficit hyperactivity-impulsivity disorder); IDx: Internalizing disorders (panic, social phobia); MDD: Major depressive disorder; M-AUD: Maternal-only history of alcohol use disorder; P-AUD: Paternal-only history of alcohol use disorder; B-AUD: Both maternal and paternal history of alcohol use disorder; 22-yrs: aged <22 at current last assessment; 2,4, 6, 8, 10-yr FU: participation in follow-up assessments; S: Male sex.