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. 2016 Nov 10;17(5):1160–1166. doi: 10.1111/ajt.14082

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© 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Transplantation published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society of Transplant Surgeons

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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MicroRNA generation and mRNA silencing in humans. Following transcription of a microRNA gene by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II), a pri‐microRNA stemloop structure is generated. The pri‐microRNA is consequently processed by the Drosha/DGCR8 complex into a pre‐microRNA, which is transported to the cellular cytoplasm by the exportin‐5 protein. In the cytoplasm, the Dicer/TRBP complex removes the stemloop and microRNA duplexes are formed. After removal of the passenger strand, the mature microRNA is incorporated into the RNA‐induced silencing complex and guides the functional protein to a complementary mRNA strand, inducing mRNA silencing by either translational repression or mRNA breakdown, depending on the complementarity of the RNA strands.