Table 2.

Summary of PANAS scores in the active group and the control group (N = 57)

	Item	Active group mean (n = 45)	Active group SE (n = 45)	Control group mean (n = 12)	Control group SE (n = 12)	Difference (active − control)	SE of difference	Degrees of freedom	t‐test value	p‐value
Positive affect	1 Interested	2.73	0.18	2.75	0.35	−0.02	0.39	55	0.04	0.97
	3 Excited	1.69	0.12	1.42	0.24	0.27	0.26	55	1.03	0.31
	5 Strong	2.60	0.18	2.33	0.36	0.27	0.31	55	0.67	0.51
	9 Enthusiastic	2.22	0.18	1.92	0.35	0.31	0.38	55	0.79	0.44
	10 Proud	2.36	0.19	1.58	0.37	0.77	0.41	55	1.87	0.07*
	12 Alert	3.13	0.16	2.67	0.30	0.47	0.34	55	1.38	0.17
	14 Inspired	2.38	0.18	1.83	0.35	0.54	0.39	55	1.39	0.17
	16 Determined	2.93	0.19	2.58	0.37	0.35	0.41	55	0.84	0.40
	17 Attentive	2.91	0.15	2.83	0.30	0.08	0.33	55	0.23	0.82
	19 Active	1.91	0.14	1.33	0.28	0.58	0.31	55	1.86	0.07*
	Total positive	24.87	1.15	21.25	2.22	3.62	2.5	55	1.45	0.15
Negative affect	2 Distressed	1.91	0.17	1.50	0.33	0.41	0.37	55	1.12	0.27
	4 Upset	1.53	0.14	1.42	0.28	0.12	0.31	55	0.38	0.71
	6 Guilty	1.38	1.14	1.50	0.27	−0.12	0.31	55	0.40	0.69
	7 Scared	1.60	0.16	1.00	0.31	0.60	0.35	55	1.70	0.10
	8 Hostile	1.16	0.08	1.33	0.16	−0.18	0.18	55	−1	0.32
	11 Irritable	1.62	0.15	1.75	0.29	−0.13	0.32	55	0.39	0.70
	13 Ashamed	1.31	0.15	1.42	0.29	−0.11	0.33	55	0.32	0.75
	15 Nervous	1.73	0.16	1.08	0.30	0.65	0.34	55	1.92	0.06*
	18 Jittery	1.60	1.50	1.33	0.29	0.27	0.33	55	0.82	0.42
	20 Afraid	1.57	0.16	1.00	0.30	0.57	0.34	55	1.67	0.10
	Total negative	15.38	1.09	13.33	2.12	2.04	2.4	55	0.86	0.40

Note: SE, standard error; PANAS, The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.

^* p < 0.1.