Figure 4.

Phase singularity (PS) distributions and characteristics for different data modalities. A, Normalized late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)-magnetic resonance imaging data for a patient with persistent atrial fibrillation was used to infer probabilities for fibrosis inclusion in the model; high PS density is seen to coincide with high fibrosis density; PS locations over time show rotor trajectories; wavelength varies spatially. B, Comparison of detected PS locations for mesh resolutions (MRs) of 3.52 mm (top) and 13.6 mm (bottom), for different AP interpolations and electrogram modalities. C, Number of PSs (solid lines) and rotors (dashed lines), (D) rotor durations, and (E) distance errors as a function of MR.