Table 1.

Child Purchase Influence Attempts: Frequency of Use at First Exchange Overall and by Consumer Socialization Stage, as Well as Overall Use.

Code	Operationalization	First exchange overall (n = 108); % (n)	First exchange perceptual stage (n = 60); % (n)	First exchange analytical/reflective stage (n = 48); % (n)	Overall use (n = 276); % (n)
Just asks	Makes a simple request or a demand	72.2 (78)	76.7 (46)	66.7 (32)	48.9 (135)
Placed item in cart	Nonverbal request, including putting items in cart or basket, handing to parent, or child carrying to cashier	17.6 (19)	6.7 (4)	31.3 (15)	13.0 (36)
Responds to parent	Parent-initiated the request interaction	N/A	N/A	N/A	13.4 (37)
Points/nonverbal	Simply points to an item, no verbalization	6.5 (7)	10.0 (6)	2.1 (1)	7.3 (20)
Begs and pleads	Repeatedly makes a request	1.9 (2)	3.3 (2)	0.0 (0)	5.8 (16)
Negotiates	Offers to do something in exchange for item requested. Negotiates for smaller/cheaper item	0.9 (1)	1.7 (1)	0.0 (0)	4.7 (13)
Asks nicely	Makes a polite request	0.9 (1)	1.7 (1)	0.0 (0)	1.8 (5)
Displays anger	Verbal (yelling) or nonverbal (kicking)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)
Other	Does not fit previously defined categories	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	5.1 (14)

Note. N/A = not applicable.