Table 1.
Study quality
| Quality Items
a
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Design | Homogeneous Participants | Follow-up Length b | Follow-up ≥80% | Reliability of Risk Factor(s) | Risk Factor(s) Direct c | Diagnosis of MTSS d | Adjustments e | Analysis f |
| Bennett et al3 | P | ||||||||
| Burne et al5 | P | ||||||||
| Hubbard et al16 | P | ||||||||
| Magnusson et al21 | P | ||||||||
| Moen et al26 | P | ||||||||
| Plisky et al32 | P | ||||||||
| Raissi et al34 | P | ||||||||
| Yagi et al43 | P | ||||||||
| Yates and White44 | P | ||||||||
| Bandholm et al1 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Bartosik et al2 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Eickhoff et al9 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Franklyn et al10 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Lee18 | CS | NA | NA | Multiple analyses | Multiple analyses | ||||
| Madeley et al19 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Magnusson et al20 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Messier and Pittala24 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Rathleff et al36 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Tweed et al41 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Viitasalo and Kvist42 | CS | NA | NA | ||||||
| Rathleff et al35 | CC | NA | NA | ||||||
| Sommer and Vallentyne39 | CC | NA | NA | ||||||
CC, case-control; CS, cross-sectional; MTSS, medial tibial stress syndrome; P, prospective.
a
Color code: green, met; red, not met; yellow, mixed (met for some but not all risk factors); grey, not clear; orange, not reported.
b
Athletes followed by season; recreational and military, 6 weeks.
c
Risk factors were measured directly.
d
Made by a health care provider.
e
History of MTSS or orthotic use was controlled for in design or analysis.
f
Statistical analysis appropriate for the design of the study.