Table 3.

MTSS risk factors grouping based on pooled effect and statistical heterogeneity

Significant Pooled Effect		Nonsignificant Pooled Effect
Low Heterogeneity	Moderate-High Heterogeneity	Moderate-High Heterogeneity	Low Heterogeneity
Female sex Higher weight Higher navicular drop Previous running injury Greater hip ext rot with hip flexed	Higher BMI Greater eversion with running	Lean calf girth Hip int rot with hip flexed Leg length difference Q-angle Dflex ROM with knee extended Dflex ROM with knee flexed Inversion isom strength Pflex ROM Standing foot angle Years running History of MTSS	Age Height Eversion ROM Inversion ROM Dflex isom strength Eversion isom strength Tibial varum Walking speed Weekly mileage

BMI, body mass index; Dflex, dorsiflexion; ext rot, external rotation; int rot, internal rotation; isom, isometric; MTSS, medial tibial stress syndrome; Pflex, plantarflexion; ROM, range of motion.