Table 1.

Comparison of peak velocity data (mean ± SD) among throws ^a

Velocity	Pitch From Mound				Throw From Flat Ground				Flat-Ground Hold
	4 oz	5 oz	6 oz	7 oz	4 oz	5 oz	6 oz	7 oz	14 oz	32 oz
Pelvis angular, deg/s b , c , d	554 ± 84	566 ± 83	546 ± 74 e	535 ± 71 e	565 ± 88	572 ± 82	561 ± 83	559 ± 86	424 ± 66 e	389 ± 51.9 e
Upper trunk angular, deg/s b , d	1092 ± 96	1101 ± 89	1082 ± 86 e	1076 ± 94 e	1100 ± 107	1105 ± 93	1089 ± 97	1070 ± 98 e	914 ± 94 e	817 ± 78 e
Shoulder internal rotation, deg/s b , c , d	6579 ± 824	6594 ± 743	6320 ± 714 e	6111 ± 641 e	6756 ± 893	6705 ± 869	6516 ± 894	6260 ± 785 e	3121 ± 881 e	2055 ± 569 e
Elbow extension, des/s b , d	2301 ± 236	2305 ± 221	2237 ± 227 e	2193 ± 211 e	2326 ± 248	2317 ± 240	2271 ± 236	2203 ± 231 e	1275 ± 364 e	921 ± 257 e
Ball, m/s b	35.4 ± 2.0 e	34.2 ± 2.0	33.1 ± 2.0 e	31.9 ± 1.6 e	35.8 ± 2.0 e	37.7 ± 2.2 e	33.5 ± 1.8 e	31.7 ± 2.0 e	—	—

^aValues for standard pitching are shown in boldface.

^bSignificant differences (P < 0.05) among ball weights (4-7 oz).

^cSignificant differences (P < 0.05) between pitches from mound and throws from flat ground.

^dSignificant differences (P < 0.05) among flat-ground holds and standard pitching.

^eSignificantly different (P < 0.05) from value for standard pitching.