Table 2.

Incidence studies in high school students

Study	Year Published	Country	Study Design	Case Identification	Denominator	Exertional Deaths or All?	SCD or SCA + SCD	Years studied	Incidence a	Age Range, y	Mean Age, y	Cardiac Deaths, n
Drezner et al16	2009	US	Cross-sectional survey	1710 high schools with AEDs surveyed for SCA or SCD	Number of student athletes reported by schools	SCA or SCD occurring on campus	SCA + SCD	2006-2007	1:23,000 SCA + SCD, 1:46,000 SCD	14-17	16	14
Maron et al31	2013	US	Retrospective cohort	US Registry of Sudden Death in Athletes	Minnesota State High School League	Exertional	SCD	1986-2011	1:150,000	12-18	16	13
Roberts and Stovitz44	2013	US	Retrospective cohort	Insurance claims data	Minnesota State High School League	Exertional during school-sponsored sport	SCD	1993-2012	1:416,666, over last decade 1:917,000	12-19	—	4
Toresdahl et al51	2014	US	Prospective observational	2149 schools followed for SCA + SCD that occurred on school campus	Number of student athletes reported by schools	SCA or SCD occurring on campus	SCA + SCD	2009-2011	1:87,719 SCA + SCD, 1:57,000 male SCA + SCD	14-18	—	18 SCA + SCD, 2 SCD
Drezner et al15	2014	US	Retrospective cohort	Media reports	NFHS	All	SCA + SCD	2003-2013	1:153,846 SCD, 1:71,428 SCA, 1:21,277 male basketball	14-18	—	6 SCD, 7 SCD

AED, automated external defibrillator; NFHS, National Federation of State High School Associations; SCA, sudden cardiac arrest; SCD, sudden cardiac death.

^aAll incidence rates are in athlete-years.