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. 2016 Jun 24;1(2):37–43. doi: 10.1136/svn-2016-000009

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Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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In wild-type (WT) mice, intraventricular injection of haemoglobin (25 mg/mL) resulted in periventricular activation of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining) and microglia (amoeboid Iba-1 staining) at 24 h compared with saline-injected controls (A). The activation by haemoglobin was attenuated in lipocalin 2-deficient (LCN2^−/−) mice (A). The numbers of periventricular cells expressing GFAP (B) and Iba-1 (C) were counted in the WT and LCN2^−/− mice. The data points represent the mean±SD, scale bar=50 µm, n=5 per group; ^**p<0.01 versus WT saline group, ^##p<0.01 versus LCN2^−/− haemoglobin group.