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. 2017 May 17;12(5):e0177121. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177121

Table 1. Summary of 14 studies included in the meta-analysis.

Study (Author, year) Study ID Population Country of Origin and Definitions (Exposed/Control) Symptomatic/ Asymptomatic Definition Subject N (Exposed/ Unexposed) Mean Age (Exposed/ Unexposed) % Male (Exposed/ Unexposed)
Axelrod and Milner, 1996 1 United StatesDeployed Veterans/Population Mean Scores ___________ 44/ 33.3/ 100/
Goldstein et al., 1997 2 United StatesDeployed Symptomatic Veterans/Non Veteran Population Health Complaints/No Health Complaints 21/38 35.5/33.7 85.7/89.5
Hom et al., 1997 3 United StatesDeployed Symptomatic Veterans/Deployed Asymptomatic Veterans GWS Symptoms/ No GWS Symptoms 26/21 47.8/48.0 100/100
Sillanpaa et al., 1997 4 United StatesArmy Reserve Military Police and Persian Gulf Veterans/Population Mean Scores Deployed Veterans/ 49/ 33.6/ 90/
White et al., 2001 5 United StatesDeployed Veterans/Non Deployed Veterans ___________ 193/47 53.8/41.0 86.9/87.2
Bunegin et al., 2001 6 United StatesDeployed Symptomatic Veterans/Deployed Asymptomatic Veterans At least 1 GWI Symptom/No GWI symptoms 8/8 36.8/30.1 100/100
Lange et al., 2001 7 United StatesDeployed Symptomatic Veterans/Deployed Asymptomatic Veterans Fatigue criteria/Fatigue criteria 48/39 35.5/34.3 71/72
David et al., 2001 8 United KingdomDeployed UK Symptomatic/Non Deployed UK Veterans Fukuda definition/ Fukuda definition 65/33 36.7/35.1 --/--
Proctor et al., 2003 9 DanishDeployed Danish Veterans/Non Deployed Danish Veterans ____________ 143/72 38.8/34.8 100/100
Sullivan et al., 2003 10 United StatesDeployed Symptomatic/Non Deployed Veterans Treatment seeking/ Treatment seeking 207/53 35.6/30.8 91.5/79.6
Wallin et al., 2009 11 United StatesCDC GWI Deployed/non CDC GWI deployed Deployed CDC-defined GWI/Deployed non CDC-defined GWI 25/16 34.5/30.4 84/75
Toomey et al., 2009 12 United StatesDeployed Veterans/Non Deployed Veterans ____________ 1061/1128 38.9/40.7 78/78
Chao et al., 2010 13 United StatesDeployed Khamisiyah Exposed/Deployed No Kahmisihyah Exposed Suspected Khamisiyah Exposure/ Suspected No Khamisiyah Exposure 40/40 44.0/42.7 82/82
Chao et al., 2011 14 United StatesDeployed Khamisiyah Exposed/Deployed No Khamisiyah Exposed Suspected Khamisiyah Exposure/ Suspected No Khamisiyah Exposure 64/64 48.4/48.5 92/92