Table 5. Meta-analysis of Group B studies: Neurocognitive performance for symptomatic versus non-symptomatic Gulf War veterans.
| Domains/Individual Tests | # of Studies Analyzed | Model Type | Standardized Mean Difference | Wald 95% CI | Wald p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visuospatial | |||||
| Block Design3 | 3 | random | -0.83 | -1.43, -0.24 | 0.006 |
| Achievement | |||||
| WRAT Reading | 3 | fixed | -0.07 | -0.38, 0.23 | 0.65 |
| Executive Function | |||||
| Trail-making Test, part B1 | 4 | random | 0.17 | -0.14, 0.49 | 0.28 |
| Attention | |||||
| Trail-making Test, part A1 | 4 | random | -0.09 | -0.49, 0.30 | 0.64 |
| CPT RT1,2 | 4 | fixed | 0.49 | 0.26, 0.73 | <0.001 |
| Learning and Memory | |||||
| CVLT Long Delay3 | 3 | fixed | -0.28 | -0.53, -0.02 | 0.03 |
| Motor | |||||
| Grooved Pegboard–Dominant1 | 3 | fixed | -0.09 | -0.34, 0.16 | 0.49 |
| Grooved Pegboard–Non-Dominant1 | 3 | random | 0.02 | -0.36, 0.40 | 0.92 |
1 positive SMD represents worse performance
2 remains statistically significant in bias assessment
3 no longer statistically significant in bias assessment