Table 2.
Groups' Mean (SD) Values for Demographic, Clinical, and Balance Measures
| Whole group |
BBSNORM |
BBSBELOW |
BBSNORISK |
BBSRISK |
||||||
| Measure | Mean (SD) or no. |
95% CI | Mean (SD) or no. |
95% CI | Mean (SD) or no. |
95% CI | Mean (SD) or no. |
95% CI | Mean (SD) or no. |
95% CI |
| Age, y* | 70.2 (10.5) | 67.8, 72.6 | 68.1 (10.6) | 63.3, 73.0 | 71.0 (10.4) | 68.2, 73.9 | 66.7 (9.3) | 63.5, 69.8 | 73.4 (10.6) | 70.0, 76.7 |
| Gender (female/male) |
31/44 | – | 5/16 | – | 26/28 | – | 13/22 | – | 18/22 | – |
| Time post-stroke, d | 20.1 (18.7) | 15.8, 24.4 | 17.0 (11.7) | 11.6, 22.3 | 21.4 (20.7) | 15.7, 27.0 | 17.1 (12.5) | 12.8, 21.4 | 22.8 (22.6) | 15.6, 30.0 |
| Affected side (right/left) |
45/30 | – | 15/6 | – | 30/24 | – | 22/13 | – | 23/17 | – |
| Length of stay, d* | 33.3 (11.5) | 30.6, 35.9 | 28.8 (7.5) | 25.3, 32.2 | 35.0 (12.3) | 31.7, 38.4 | 27.9 (6.9) | 25.6, 30.3 | 38.0 (12.7) | 33.9, 42.0 |
| BBS | 45.7 (9.3) | 43.5, 47.8 | 54.3 (1.8) | 53.5, 55.1 | 42.3 (9.0) | 39.9, 44.8 | 53.1 (2.1) | 52.4, 53.9 | 39.2 (8.3) | 36.5, 41.8 |
| CMSA leg (0–7)*† | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.7, 5.2 | 5.5 (0.9) | 5.0, 5.9 | 4.7 (1.0) | 4.4, 5.0 | 5.4 (0.9) | 5.1, 5.8 | 4.5 (0.9) | 4.2, 4.8 |
| CMSA foot (0–7)* | 4.7 (1.0) | 4.4, 4.9 | 4.9 (0.9) | 4.5, 5.4 | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.3, 4.8 | 5.1 (0.8) | 4.8, 5.4 | 4.3 (0.9) | 4.0, 4.6 |
| RMS-AP, mm | 5.9 (2.7) | 5.3, 6.6 | 5.4 (2.0) | 4.6, 6.3 | 6.1 (2.9) | 5.3, 6.9 | 5.6 (2.0) | 4.9, 6.3 | 6.2 (3.2) | 5.2, 7.3 |
| RMS-ML, mm | 4.1 (2.4) | 3.5, 4.6 | 3.4 (2.1) | 2.4, 4.4 | 4.4 (2.4) | 3.7, 5.0 | 3.5 (1.9) | 2.8, 4.1 | 4.6 (2.6) | 3.8, 5.5 |
| %BWSTAND | 47.9 (9.3) | 45.8, 50.0 | 46.7 (7.5) | 43.3, 50.2 | 48.4 (9.9) | 45.7, 51.1 | 49.2 (8.4) | 46.3, 52.1 | 46.7 (10.0) | 43.6, 50.0 |
| %BWLOAD* | 74.6 (14.3) | 71.2, 77.9 | 79.5 (13.6) | 73.2, 85.9 | 72.6 (14.2) | 68.7, 76.6 | 78.5 (16.2) | 72.7, 84.2 | 71.3 (11.7) | 67.5, 75.1 |
| Duration, s | 13.0 (3.7) | 12.2, 13.9 | 13.9 (1.4) | 13.3, 14.6 | 12.7 (4.2) | 11.5, 13.8 | 13.4 (2.8) | 12.4, 14.4 | 12.7 (4.3) | 11.3, 14.1 |
| AP index | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.5, 0.6 | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5, 0.6 | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.5, 0.6 | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.5, 0.6 | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.5, 0.6 |
Significant difference for BBSNORISK and BBSRISK groups.
Significant difference for BBSNORM and BBSBELOW.
BBS=Berg Balance Scale; BBSNORM=BBS score≥normative value; BBSBELOW=BBS score<normative value; BBSNORISK=BBS score>49; BBSRISK=BBS score≤49; CMSA=Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment; RMS-AP=root mean square of the centre of pressure displacement in the anterior–posterior direction; RMS-ML=root mean square of the centre of pressure displacement in the mediolateral direction; %BWSTAND=percentage of body weight borne on the paretic leg; %BWLOAD=maximum percentage of body weight borne on the paretic leg; AP index=index of RMS-AP values of the paretic and non-paretic limbs.