Table 3.
Characteristics Associated with Past Month Nonmedical Opioid Use among US Pregnant Women, 2005–2014
| Characteristic | AOR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||
| 12–25 | 2.13 (0.80, 5.65) | 0.13 |
| ≥26 | (reference) | |
| Trimester | ||
| First | 0.82 (0.36, 1.91) | 0.65 |
| Second | 1.25 (0.58, 2.73) | 0.57 |
| Third | (reference) | |
| Anxiety or Depression in Past Year | ||
| Yes | 1.90 (1.10, 3.30) | 0.02 |
| No | (reference) | |
| Alcohol in Past Month | ||
| Yes | 5.70 (3.11, 10.42) | < 0.001 |
| No | (reference) | |
| Tobacco in Past Month | ||
| Yes | 2.84 (1.55, 5.22) | 0.001 |
| No | (reference) | |
| Marijuana in Past Month | ||
| Yes | 5.74 (3.14, 10.47) | < 0.001 |
| No | (reference) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic Caucasian | 0.73 (0.29, 1.82) | 0.50 |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 0.74 (0.18, 2.94) | 0.67 |
| Hispanic | 1.15 (0.35, 3.73) | 0.82 |
| Non-Hispanic African American | (reference) | |
| Insurance | ||
| Medicaid/CHIP/CHAMPUS | 1.23 (0.46, 2.25) | 0.60 |
| None | 2.10 (0.79, 5.58) | 0.14 |
| Private | (reference) | |
*
All model estimates incorporate NSDUH survey sampling design and weights and include a linear spline with three knots to control for year.