Table 1.
Gender Differences in Demographics, Homelessness and Housing, Economic and Service Characteristics, Physical and Mental Health, and Social Networks and Support
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=301 (72.0%) | n=117 (28.0%) | Unadjusted likelihood of women reporting each dependent variable |
Adjusted likelihood of women reporting each dependent variable |
|
| Demographics | % (n) | % (n) | test statistic | |
| Age mean (s.d.) | 55.13 (7.53) | 52.85 (7.27) | 2.80** | -- |
| Race/Ethnicity | 1.98 | -- | ||
| Black | 57.58 (171) | 52.99 (62) | -- | |
| White | 24.58 (73) | 23.08 (27) | -- | |
| Hispanic/Multiracial/Other race | 17.85 (53) | 23.93 (28) | -- | |
| At least high school education | 80.40 (242) | 69.23 (81) | 5.98* | -- |
| Veteran | 38.54 (116) | 10.26 (12) | 31.72*** | -- |
| Lifetime duration of literal homelessness, years mean (s.d.) |
6.70 (7.36) | 4.32 (5.14) | 3.21** | -- |
| Income in past 30 days $ mean (s.d.) | 637.25 (476.44) | 494.16 (454.88) | 2.80** | -- |
|
Physical Health and Mental Health Dependent Variables |
% (n) | % (n) | OR/Coef and 95% CI | OR/Coef and 95% CI |
| Any diagnosed physical chronic health condition |
88.04 (265) | 94.02 (110) | 2.13 (0.92, 4.94) | 1.62 (0.66, 4.00) |
| Number of physical chronic health conditions mean (s.d.) |
2.40 (1.69) | 2.89 (1.95) | 0.49 (0.11, 0.87)* | 0.55 (0.15, 0.94)** a |
| Any diagnosed chronic mental health condition |
69.44 (209) | 84.62 (99) | 2.42 (1.38, 4.23)** | 2.48 (1.36, 4.53)** |
| Number of chronic mental health conditions mean (s.d.) |
1.99 (1.89) | 2.65 (1.96) | 0.66 (0.25, 1.07)** | 0.65 (0.24, 1.06)** |
| Experienced PTSD symptoms in past month | 51.16 (154) | 49.57 (58) | 0.94 (0.61, 1.44) | 0.83 (0.52, 1.34) |
| MCSI mental health symptoms in past month score (scale range: 0–56; higher number, more frequent symptoms) mean (s.d.) |
20.82 (12.96) | 23.14 (12.31) | 2.31 (−0.42, 5.05) | 0.88 (−1.88, 3.63) |
| Self-rated good health (excellent, very good, good) |
45.00 (135) | 36.75 (43) | 0.71 (0.46, 1.10) | 0.78 (0.49, 1.24) |
|
Men n=298 (71.8%) |
Women n=117 (28.2%) |
|||
|
Social Networks and Social Support Dependent Variables |
mean (s.d.) | mean (s.d.) | OR/Coef and 95% CI | OR/Coef and 95% CI |
| Total number of alters | 7.74 (4.08) | 7.68 (5.47) | −0.07 (−1.04, 0.90) | -- |
| Number of alters who were relatives | 1.76 (2.10) | 2.56 (2.80) | 0.80 (0.30, 1.29)** | 0.79 (0.33, 1.25)** |
| Number of alters who were case workers/agency staff |
1.33 (1.28) | 0.74 (1.39) | −0.60 (−0.88, −0.32)*** | −0.59 (−0.86, −0.32)*** |
| Number of alters who were healthcare providers |
0.40 (0.61) | 0.16 (0.64) | −0.24 (−0.37, −0.11)*** | −0.23 (−0.37, −0.10)** |
| Number of alters who were mental healthcare providers |
0.53 (0.77) | 0.19 (0.51) | −0.34 (0.49, −0.19)*** | −0.37 (−0.52, −0.22)*** |
| Number of alters who provided any support | 4.58 (3.36) | 4.64 (3.75) | 0.07 (−0.68, 0.82) | −0.11 (−0.90, 0.68) |
| Number of alters who had conflict with | 0.98 (1.74) | 1.16 (1.18) | 0.19 (−0.15, 0.53) | 0.17 (−0.19, 0.53) |
| Number of relatives who provided any support |
1.23 (1.61) | 1.66 (2.28) | 0.43 (0.04, 0.82)* | 0.38 (0.01, 0.76)* a |
| Number of relatives who had conflict with | 0.23 (0.57) | 0.46 (0.75) | 0.23 (0.09, 0.36)** | 0.19 (0.05, 0.33)** a |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
a
no longer significant after the Bonferroni-Holm minp test