Table 2.

Mean cognitive function scores (in standard deviation units^*) with covariate adjustment for gender, age at assessment (as a continuous variable), education (classified as high school/GED graduate, college graduate, graduate college degree, or none of the above), race/ethnicity (grouped according to African-American, Hispanic, Native American, Non-Hispanic White, and Other), clinic, time from randomization, whether or not prior cognitive testing had been performed, and the mental component score from the SF-36.

Cognitive Function	Diabetes Support and Education Mean (SE)	Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Mean (SE)	p-value
Composite primary outcome	0.002 (0.014)	−0.012 (0.014)	0.45
Stroop Color Word Test (Subtest 3 minus subtest 2)	0.008 (0.022)	−0.021 (0.022)	0.35
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test–Delayed	0.001 (0.021)	−0.004 (0.021)	0.85
Modified Mini Mental State Exam	−0.005 (0.019)	0.004 (0.019)	0.76
Trail Making Test-Part B	0.018 (0.020)	−0.025 (0.020)	0.13
Digit Symbol Coding	0.008 (0.019)	−0.011 (0.019)	0.46

^*Standard deviation units for individual tests: Stroop (17.63), RAVLT Delayed (3.44). Modified Mini Mental State Exam (7.15), Trail Making Test-Part-B (69.84), and Digit Symbol Coding (11.00)