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. 2017 May 17;7:2017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01666-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effects of corticosterone exposure (black bars) on (A) O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) relative protein expression and (B) levels of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification on cellular proteins in whole placentae of both male and female C57/BL6 fetuses at E14.5 compared with untreated controls (white bars). (C) shows glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate-transaminase 1 (GFPT1) relative mRNA and (D) GFPT1 protein expression in the same tissues. Data represents mean +SEM, *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001 for post hoc analysis or t-test results. Real-time quantitative PCR used to determine gene expression, and normalised to the average of two housekeeping genes. RNA data were analysed using a two-way ANOVA comparing the factors treatment and sex with Bonferroni’s post hoc testing presented on graph (n = 9–11). Protein expression was examined by western immunoblot with β-Actin (ACTB) as loading control, normalised to untreated control of the same sex. Protein expression was analysed using a two-tailed t-test with untreated controls of the same sex (n = 6).