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. 2017 May 17;7:2046. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02088-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Blood samples from cancer patients with weight loss harbor autophagy-inducing bioactivity. (a) Autophagy flux in reporter cells exposed to sera from lung cancer patients (n = 79) or healthy controls (n = 148) (Student t-test). (b) Weight loss (% loss during 3 months prior to blood sampling) in lung cancer patients and autophagy-inducing activity in their sera, measured using an autophagy reporter cells system. (c) Weight loss (% loss during 6 months prior to blood sampling) in GI cancer patients and autophagy-inducing activity in their plasma, measured using an autophagy reporter cells system. (d,e) As in (b), but divided by gender.