Table 1.
Serum cytokine levels in early and late hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
| Analyte | Control (n = 10; pg/ml) | HPS early (n = 16; pg/ml) | HPS late (n = 13; pg/ml) | P* | P* | P# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1α | 86.7 ± 9.1 | 393.3 ± 10.7 | 411.1 ± 18.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-1RA | 327.4 ± 62.5 | 1,134.0 ± 408.1 | 657.4 ± 210.6 | 0.002 | ||
| IL-2a | 17.5 ± 1.7 | 88.5 ± 44.5 | 20.6 ± 1.9 | 0.005 | ||
| IL-2RAa | 138.7 ± 12.2 | 1,375.0 ± 122.5 | 1,426.9 ± 489.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-3 | 82.1 ± 11.7 | 2,444.9 ± 215.4 | 2,595.9 ± 661.4 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-4a | 8.8 ± 8.8 | 21.9 ± 5.1 | 12.7 ± 1.2 | 0.0001 | 0.01 | |
| IL-7a | 67.9 ± 4.9 | 130.0 ± 31.2 | 94.9 ± 3.5 | 0.002 | 0.02 | |
| IL-9 | 25.8 ± 3.1 | 85.4 ± 20.5 | 56.7 ± 12.3 | 0.0001 | 0.0008 | |
| IL-10 | 45.2 ± 4.9 | 186.8 ± 101.8 | 101.8 ± 15.8 | 0.01 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-12p40 | 159.7 ± 23.5 | 4,295.9 ± 513.1 | 4,732.8 ± 1,324.4 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-12p75 | 44.6 ± 4.6 | 100.0 ± 14.7 | 79.8 ± 6.4 | 0.0001 | 0.002 | |
| IL-13 | 52.4 ± 4.0 | 97.4 ± 21.1 | 77.3 ± 2.6 | 0.001 | 0.01 | |
| IL-15 | 33.2 ± 2.7 | 68.2 ± 14.1 | 51.3 ± 3.2 | 0.0003 | 0.007 | |
| IL-16 | 169.3 ± 35.8 | 2,759.3 ± 295.2 | 2,586.8 ± 625.5 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-17Aa | 84.7 ± 15.7 | 208.9 ± 30.9 | 172.3 ± 21.7 | 0.0003 | 0.02 | |
| IL-18 | 444.4 ± 71.3 | 854 ± 60.2 | 784 ± 143 | 0.003 | ||
| CCL2 | 173.4 ± 17.0 | 265.2 ± 34.7 | 460.8 ± 111.7 | 0.01 | 0.0001 | |
| CCL4 | 136.6 ± 14.4 | 381.3 ± 138.9 | 212.9 ± 26.8 | 0.003 | 0.03 | |
| CCL7 | 128.9 ± 22.6 | 455.3 ± 71.4 | 579.6 ± 221.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| CCL11a | 85.9 ± 8.9 | 202.0 ± 62.2 | 140.3 ± 26 | 0.002 | 0.02 | |
| CCL27a | 836.3 ± 233.7 | 1,550.0 ± 76.6 | 1,664.2 ± 82.5 | 0.005 | 0.01 | |
| CXCL1 | 404.8 ± 69.4 | 1,181.5 ± 100.4 | 1,025.5 ± 70.4 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | |
| CXCL9 | 734.8 ± 140.5 | 1,949.4 ± 136.5 | 1,911.5 ± 368.2 | 0.0001 | 0.002 | |
| CXCL10 | 415.3 ± 77.5 | 2,383.9 ± 600.8 | 5,188.1 ± 981.2 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.013 |
| CXCL12 | 213.7 ± 23.9 | 3,577.9 ± 116.3 | 3,404.8 ± 145.6 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| bFGFa | 42.3 ± 5.4 | 108.5 ± 27.9 | 65.9 ± 5.8 | 0.0005 | ||
| bNGF | 79.9 ± 10.3 | 278.3 ± 16.6 | 305.9 ± 42.1 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| GMCSF | 42.9 ± 5.9 | 174.6 ± 68.9 | 82.5 ± 13 | 0.001 | 0.01 | |
| HGF | 705.6 ± 134.5 | 3,059.5 ± 333.7 | 2,319.3 ± 434.5 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IFNα | 71.0 ± 7.3 | 466.9 ± 30.7 | 387.4 ± 85.7 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IFNγ | 69 ± 11.9 | 190.1 ± 41.9 | 171.5 ± 19.2 | 0.0003 | 0.0008 | |
| LIF | 177.7 ± 24.1 | 742.5 ± 57.2 | 708.5 ± 109.1 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| MCSF | 206.3 ± 30.9 | 876.9 ± 59.5 | 607.3 ± 106.2 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.02 |
| MIF | 229.5 ± 59.1 | 1,781.1 ± 308.5 | 1,072.1 ± 111.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| PDGF-BBa | 1,759.8 ± 124.5 | 2,568.6 ± 307.3 | 2,057.7 ± 316.9 | 0.005 | ||
| SCF | 268.3 ± 39.9 | 1,308.1 ± 78.8 | 1,436.9 ± 268.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| SCGFb | 2,037.4 ± 370.3 | 37,608.9 ± 1796.4 | 31,720.5 ± 2857.5 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| TNFαa | 84.4 ± 10.3 | 234.9 ± 42.9 | 199.5 ± 19.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| TNFβ | 84.3 ± 11.0 | 264.1 ± 20.7 | 272.4 ± 54.3 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| TRAIL- | 157.6 ± 18.4 | 1,655.4 ± 178.3 | 1,840.2 ± 654.5 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| VEGFa | 140.5 ± 12.7 | 248.4 ± 36.2 | 173.0 ± 28.2 | 0.0006 |
*P-values for controls vs early HPS cases.
**P-values for controls vs late HPS cases.
#P-values for late vs early HPS cases.
aValues differ significantly only in early serum from non-fatal HPS cases and not in fatal cases.