Table 2.

Serum cytokine levels in survived and fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases.

Analyte	Control (n = 10; pg/ml)	Survived (n = 29; pg/ml)	Fatal (n = 7; pg/ml)	P*	P**
IL-1α	86.7 ± 9.1	393.3 ± 10.7	404.2 ± 15.9	0.0001
IL-2RA	138.7 ± 12.2	1,375 ± 122.6	1,903.6 ± 240.5	0.0001	0.04
IL-3	82.1 ± 11.7	2,444.9 ± 215.4	2,813.8 ± 287.4	0.0001
IL-6a	74.2 ± 18.7	137.7 ± 54.4	422.9 ± 367.4	0.01
IL-9	25.8 ± 3.1	85.4 ± 20.5	94.9 ± 55.1	0.001
IL-10	45.2 ± 4.9	186.8 ± 101.8	92.8 ± 17.9	0.0026
IL-12p40	159.7 ± 23.5	4,295.9 ± 513.1	5,776.9 ± 1,102.2	0.0001
IL-12p75	44.6 ± 4.6	100 ± 14.7	73.6 ± 9.5	0.03
IL-13	52.4 ± 4.0	97.4 ± 21.0	76.3 ± 4.8	0.04
IL-15	33.2 ± 2.7	68.2 ± 15.0	51.5 ± 5.5	0.02
IL-16	169.3 ± 35.7	2,759.3 ± 295.2	3,848.4 ± 696.9	0.0001
IL-18	444.4 ± 71.3	854.2 ± 60.3	1,640.7 ± 532.9	0.0001	0.03
CCL2	173.4 ± 17.0	256.2 ± 34.7	313.4 ± 104.5	0.02
CCL7	128.9 ± 22.6	455.3 ± 71.4	550.4 ± 139.7	0.0001
CXCL1	404.9 ± 69.3	1,181.5 ± 100.4	2,283.3 ± 734.4	0.0001	0.03
CXCL9	734.8 ± 140.5	1,949.5 ± 136.5	2,822.3 ± 306.1	0.0001	0.006
CXCL10	415.3 ± 77.5	2,383.9 ± 600.8	3,175.6 ± 1,400.3	0.0001
CXCL12	213.7 ± 23.9	3,577.9 ± 116.3	3,865.8 ± 145.5	0.0001
bNGF	79.9 ± 10.3	278.3 ± 16.7	258.6 ± 5.3	0.0001
GMCFS	42.9 ± 5.9	174.6 ± 68.9	82.8 ± 19.4	0.03
HGF	705.6 ± 134.5	3,059.5 ± 333.7	7,513.2 ± 1,896.8	0.0001	0.002
IFNα	71.0 ± 7.3	466.9 ± 30.7	528.6 ± 23.7	0.0001
IFNγ	69.0 ± 11.9	190.1 ± 41.9	175.3 ± 27.9	0.003
LIF	177.7 ± 24.0	742.5 ± 57.2	838.4 ± 63.7	0.0001
MCSF	206.3 ± 30.9	876.9 ± 59.5	1,365.4 ± 210.9	0.0001	0.006
MIF	299.5 ± 59.1	1,781.1 ± 308.5	4,087.6 ± 1,121.5	0.0001	0.01
SCF	268.3 ± 39.9	1,308.1 ± 78.8	1,697 ± 214.2	0.0001	0.04
SCGFb	2,037.4 ± 370.3	37,609 ± 1,796.5	38,632.7 ± 1,168.9	0.0001
TNFβ	84.3 ± 11.0	264.1 ± 20.7	282.9 ± 36.1	0.0001
TRAIL	157.6 ± 18.4	1,655.4 ± 178.3	1,954.9 ± 216.2	0.0001

*P-values for fatal HPS cases vs controls.

**P-values for fatal vs non-fatal HPS cases.

^aValues differ significantly only in fatal HPS cases and not in early non-fatal cases.