Table 3.
Serum cytokine levels in early and late hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) cases.
| Analyte | Control (n = 45) | HFRS early (n = 34) | HFRS late (n = 33) | P* | P** | P# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upregulated cytokines | ||||||
| IL-1β | 32.04 ± 4.7 | 52.5 ± 5.9 | 96.2 ± 19.6 | 0.007 | 0.0001 | 0.03 |
| IL-1RA | 327.4 ± 62.4 | 330.4 ± 18.5 | 589.8 ± 118.5 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
| IL-2 | 17.5 ± 1.7 | 30.9 ± 0.9 | 39.6 ± 3.8 | 0.0001 | 0.03 | |
| IL-3 | 82.1 ± 11.7 | 504.7 ± 53.8 | 464.3 ± 59.7 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-4 | 8.8 ± 0.6 | 10.9 ± 0.1 | 12.1 ± 0.5 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.04 |
| IL-5 | 18.9 ± 1.7 | 40.9 ± 0.2 | 40.9 ± 0.2 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-6 | 74.2 ± 18.7 | 71.8 ± 4.5 | 102.8 ± 14.8 | 0.04 | ||
| IL-7 | 67.9 ± 4.9 | 88.3 ± 0.2 | 91.0 ± 1.3 | 0.001 | 0.0004 | 0.04 |
| IL-12p40 | 159.7 ± 23.6 | 915.6 ± 100.9 | 890.0 ± 105.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-12p75 | 44.6 ± 4.6 | 29.8 ± 1.7 | 43.4 ± 5.4 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| IL-13 | 52.4 ± 4.1 | 73.4 ± 0.2 | 75.0 ± 0.8 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.05 |
| IL-16 | 169.3 ± 35.8 | 830.1 ± 134.3 | 544.1 ± 108.4 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| CCL4 | 136.6 ± 14.4 | 227.7 ± 1.9 | 225.6 ± 32.7 | 0.0008 | 0.005 | |
| CXCL9 | 734.8 ± 140.5 | 2,741.3 ± 1,228.9 | 1,293.9 ± 328.1 | 0.03 | ||
| CXCL10 | 415.3 ± 77.5 | 2,057.5 ± 405.1 | 1,802.4 ± 408.4 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| CXCL12 | 213.7 ± 23.9 | 384.0 ± 5.9 | 383.5 ± 7.1 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| GMCSF | 42.9 ± 5.9 | 60.9 ± 7.4 | 77.9 ± 9.9 | 0.001 | ||
| IFNγ | 69 ± 11.9 | 67.5 ± 16.2 | 488.2 ± 115.1 | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | |
| MIF | 229.5 ± 59.1 | 4,615.1 ± 941.4 | 2,901.3 ± 740.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| SCGFb | 2,037.4 ± 370.3 | 11,926.7 ± 1,322.5 | 10,474.7 ± 1,372.6 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| TNFα | 84.4 ± 10.3 | 62.1 ± 1.2 | 101.9 ± 20.2 | 0.04 | ||
| VEGF | 140.5 ± 12.7 | 215.9 ± 18.2 | 251.5 ± 26.3 | 0.0006 | 0.0001 | |
| Downregulated cytokines | ||||||
| IL-1α | 86.7 ± 9.1 | 30.5 ± 0.9 | 30.1 ± 1.2 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| IL-2RA | 138.7 ± 12.2 | 102.4 ± 6.7 | 99.8 ± 4.3 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
| IL-18 | 444.4 ± 71.3 | 114.4 ± 8.5 | 121.9 ± 12.2 | 0.0001 | 0.0007 | |
| CCL5 | 6,348.9 ± 581.2 | 5,072.2 ± 265.2 | 4,768.8 ± 245.1 | 0.04 | ||
| CCL27 | 836.3 ± 133.7 | 335.8 ± 42.5 | 266.3 ± 34.1 | 0.0001 | 0.001 | |
| CXCL1 | 404.8 ± 69.4 | 162.3 ± 17.8 | 154.1 ± 19.9 | 0.007 | 0.006 | |
| bFGF | 42.3 ± 5.4 | 15.9 ± 1.7 | 30.6 ± 5.7 | 0.0002 | 0.01 | |
| bNGF | 79.9 ± 10.3 | 22.9 ± 0.5 | 22.9 ± 0.8 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| LIF | 177.7 ± 24.0 | 85.5 ± 2.6 | 85.5 ± 2.9 | 0.003 | 0.003 | |
| MCSF | 206.3 ± 30.9 | 117.5 ± 12.9 | 100.8 ± 10.6 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
| SCF | 268.3 ± 39.9 | 164.7 ± 17.9 | 146.3 ± 16.4 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |
| TNFβ | 84.3 ± 18.4 | 35.1 ± 0.7 | 34.9 ± 0.7 | 0.0006 | 0.0007 | |
*P-values for controls vs early HFRS cases.
**P-values controls vs late HFRS cases.
#P-values for early and late HFRS cases.