Fig. 4.

Teneligliptin effects on proliferation in HUVECs cultured under HG/HM conditions. HUVECs were maintained under NG, HG or HM conditions during 21 days. During the exposure, teneligliptin was added chronically to the medium at 0.1, 1.0 or 3.0 μmol/L. We used as control the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin at the concentration of 0.5 μmol/L. a,b Total cellular RNA was isolated from HUVECs and mRNAs encoding for NOX4 and P22 ^−phox genes were assessed by qRT-PCR and expressed relative to GADPH or ACTB. c Protein expression of CASPASE 3 and P21 was assessed by western blot. The panels show a representative image of different independent experiments. Densitometric values were normalized to ACTB and represented relative to the control cells (NG), normalized to 1. d HUVECs proliferation was examined by measuring BrdU incorporation. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.001 vs. NG. #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.001 vs. HG. $p < 0.05 and $$p < 0.001 vs. HM. Bars represent mean ± SEM for six independent experiments