Table 2.
Pathogens responsible for infectious skin diseases.
| Skin disease | Anatomical structure affected by infection | Responsible pathogens | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial infections | |||
| Abscesses | Skin and subcutaneous tissue | Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) | [101] |
| Acne | Sebum glands | Propionibacterium acnes; S. epidermidis | [8, 102] |
| Actinomycosis | Skin and subcutaneous tissue | Actinomyces israelii | [5] |
| Boils/carbuncles and furuncles | Hair follicles | S. aureus | [8] |
| Bromodosis (foot odour) | Epidermis/cutaneous | Brevibacterium spp.; P. acnes | [6, 103] |
| Cellulitis | Subcutaneous fat | β-Hemolyticstreptococci; S. aureus; MRSA | [7, 8, 101] |
| Ecthyma | Cutaneous | S. aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes | [7] |
| Erysipelas | Dermis, intradermal | S. pyogenes | [8] |
| Erythrasma | Epidermis | Corynebacterium minutissimum | [5] |
| Folliculitis | Hair follicles | S. aureus; MRSA | [8, 101] |
| Impetigo | Epidermis | S. pyogenes; S. aureus | [8, 104, 105] |
| Periorbital cellulitis | Subcutaneous fat | Haemophilus influenzae | [106] |
| Surgical wounds | Skin, fascia, and subcutaneous tissue | Escherichia coli; Enterococcus spp.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; S. aureus | [8] |
|
| |||
| Necrotizing infections | |||
| Necrotizing fasciitis | Skin, fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle | S. pyogenes; anaerobic pathogens | [5, 8, 107] |
| Gas forming infections | Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle | Gram-negative and various anaerobes | [5] |
| Gas gangrene | Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle | Clostridium spp. (C. perfringens, C. septicum, C. tertium, C. oedematiens, and C. histolyticum) | [5, 8, 107] |
|
| |||
| Fungal infections | |||
| Candidal infections (intertrigo, balanitis, nappy rash, angular cheilitis, and paronychia) | Superficial skin | Candida albicans | [7] |
| Eumycetoma | Subcutaneous infection | Madurella mycetomatis | [108] |
| Dermatophytosis (tinea pedis/athlete's foot, tinea cruris, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea manuum, and tinea unguium/onychomycosis) | Keratin layer, epidermis | Dermatophytes (Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton spp.) | [8] |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | Subcutaneous infection | Malasseziafurfur | [109] |
| Tinea/pityriasis versicolor | Superficial skin | M. furfur | [7, 110] |
|
| |||
| Viral infections | |||
| Herpes simplex | Mucocutaneous epidermidis | Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, orofacial disease; HSV type 2, genital infection | [7] |
| Chicken pox | Mucocutaneous epidermidis | Varicella zoster | |
| Molluscum contagiosum | Prickle cells of epidermidis | Poxvirus | |
| Shingles | Mucocutaneous epidermidis | Herpes zoster | |
|
| |||
| Warts and verrucae | Epidermis | Human papillomavirus | [5, 7] |