. 2017 May 4;2017:4517971. doi: 10.1155/2017/4517971

Table 8.

Essential oils against dermatophytes and other yeasts.

Essential oil^a	Method^b	Species strain^c	Solvent^d	Result^e	Main components^f	Reference
Apium nodiflorum (celery), aerial parts, Italy	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	2% DMSO	0.16 μL/mL	Dillapiole (70.80%), limonene (14.40%)	[230]
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)	2% DMSO	0.16 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)	2% DMSO	0.04 μL/mL
		T. rubrum (CECT 2794)		0.16 μL/mL
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)		0.08 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)		0.16 μL/mL
		T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)		0.32 μL/mL

Apium nodiflorum (celery), aerial parts, Portugal	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	2% DMSO	0.08 μL/mL	Myristicin (29.10%), dillapiole (22.50%), limonene (16.70%)	[230]
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)		0.16 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)		0.04 μL/mL
		T. rubrum (CECT 2794)	2% DMSO	0.08 μL/mL
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)	2% DMSO	0.08 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)	2% DMSO	0.16 μL/mL
		T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)	2% DMSO	0.32 μL/mL

Cedrus atlantica (cedar wood)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	2.0 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.25 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		0.50 mg/mL

Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon)	ADM	Trichophyton spp. (nail isolate)	DMSO	0.31 μL/mL	NCR	[232]
		Trichophyton spp. (scalp isolate)		0.16 μL/mL
		Microsporum spp.		0.16 μL/mL

Citrus bergamia (bergamot)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	4.00 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		2.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)		2.00 mg/mL
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.50 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (20 isolates)	Tween 80	0.16–1.30% v/v	NCR	[265]
		T. rubrum (18 isolates)		0.16–0.63% v/v
		T. interdigitale (15 isolates)		0.31–1.30% v/v
		T. tonsurans (2 isolates)		2.50% v/v
		M. canis (24 isolates)		0.16–0.63% v/v
		M. gypseum (1 isolate)		2.50% v/v
		E. floccosum (12 isolates)		0.16–0.31% v/v

Citrus limon (lemon)	MIC	M. canis (11 clinical isolates)	Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)	4.60–7.50%	Limonene (59.20%), β-pinene (13.70%), γ-terpinene (10.80%)	[266]
	ADM	Trichophyton spp. (nail isolate)	DMSO	2.50 μL/mL	NCR	[232]
		Trichophyton spp. (scalp isolate)		2.50 μL/mL
		Microsporum spp.		1.25 μL/mL

Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	0.25 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		<0.13 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)
	ADM	T. mentagrophytes (SP-12)	Sodium taurocholate	0.25 μg/mL	Citral (72.80%)	[125, 126]

Cymbopogon martinii (palmarosa)	ADM	T. mentagrophytes (SP-12)	Sodium taurocholate	1.50 μg/mL	Geraniol (61.60%)	[125, 126]

Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella)	MIC₉₀	T. rubrum (15 LM strains), T. rubrum strain (ATCC 1683)	Tween 80	312.00 μg/mL	NCR	[84]

Daucus carota (carrot seed)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)	2% DSMO	0.32–0.64 μL/mL	Sabinene (28.30–33.80%), limonene (6.50–11.80%), elemicin (6.20–26.00%)	[241]
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)	2% DSMO	0.16–0.64 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)	2% DSMO	0.32–0.64 μL/mL
		T. rubrum (CECT 2794)
		M. gypseum (CECT 2905)
		E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	DMSO	1.25 μL/mL (v/v)	α-Pinene (37.90%), geranyl acetate (15.00%)	[242]
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)
		T. rubrum CECT 2794
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)
		E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	DMSO	0.64 μL/mL (v/v)	Geranyl acetate (65.00%)
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)
		T. rubrum CECT 2794
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)
		E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	DMSO	0.16–0.32 μL/mL (v/v)	β-Bisabolene (17.60%), carotol (25.10%), 11αH-himachal-4-en-1β-ol (21.60%)
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)	DMSO	0.32 μL/mL (v/v)
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)
		T. rubrum CECT 2794
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)
		E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	DMSO	0.64 μL/mL (v/v)	β-Bisabolene (51.00%), (E)-methyl isoeugenol (10.00%)
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)
		T. rubrum CECT 2794
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)

Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum eucalyptus)	ADM	Trichophyton spp. (nail isolate)	DMSO	5.00 μL/mL	NCR	[232]
		Trichophyton spp. (scalp isolate)		2.50 μL/mL
		Microsporum spp.		5.00 μL/mL

Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus)	ADM	T. mentagrophytes (SP-12)	Sodium taurocholate	0.25 μg/mL	Cineole (23.20%)	[125, 126]
	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	0.25 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		0.25 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)		<0.13 mg/mL
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)		0.25 mg/mL
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.25 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		<0.13 mg/mL
	MIC	M. canis (ATCC 32903)	Tween 80: DMSO	500.00 μg/mL	1,8-Cineole (72.20%)	[267]
		M. gypseum (ATCC 14683)		1000.00 μg/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (ATCC 9533)		250.00 μg/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (ATCC 11480)		<7.80 μg/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (ATCC 11481)		125.00 μg/mL
		T. rubrum (CCT 5507)		62.50 μg/mL

Illicium verum (star anise)	MIC	M. canis (11 clinical isolates)	Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)	1.00–5.00%	E-anethole (93.70%)	[266]

Juniperi aetheroleum (juniper)	MAC₈₀	M. gypseum (MFBF)	n.m.	2.00% v/v	α-Pinene (29.17%), β-pinene (17.84%), sabinene (13.55%)	[135]
		T. mentagrophytes (MFBF)		1.00% v/v
		T. rubrum (MFBF)		0.39% v/v

Juniperus communis (juniper)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	0.50 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		4.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)		2.00 mg/mL
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.50 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		2.00 mg/mL

Juniperus communis ssp. alpina (juniper), berries	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	2% DMSO	1.25 μL/mL	α-Pinene (77.40%)	[243]
		T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)
		M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)

Juniperus communis subsp. alpina (juniper)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	2% DMSO	0.64 μL/mL	Sabinene (26.20%), α-pinene (12.90%), limonene (10.40%)	[244]
		T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)		0.32 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)		0.64 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)		0.32 μL/mL
		M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)		0.64 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)		1.25 μL/mL
		T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)		2.5 μL/mL

Juniperus turbinata (juniper), berries	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	2% DMSO	0.64 μL/mL	α-Pinene (66.70%)	[243]
		T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)		1.25 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)		1.25 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)		0.32 μL/mL
		M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)		1.25 μL/mL
Juniperus turbinata (juniper), leaf	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	2% DMSO	0.64 μL/mL	α-Pinene (48.20%), β-phellandrene (23.10%)
		T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)		0.64–1.25 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)		1.25 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)		0.64–1.25 μL/mL
		M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)		1.25 μL/mL
Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus (cade), leaf	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	2% DMSO	0.08–0.16 μL/mL	α-Pinene (65.50%)
		T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)		0.08 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)		0.16 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)		0.08 μL/mL
		M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)		0.16 μL/mL
Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus (cade), berries	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)	2% DMSO	0.32 μL/mL	α-Pinene (54.70%), myrcene (17.80%), germacrene D (10.30%)
		T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)
		M. canis (clinical strain FF1)
		M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)

Kunzea ericoides (Kānuka)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	1.10% v/v	α-Pinene (61.60%)	[137]
Kunzea ericoides (Kānuka)	MAC	T. rubrum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	1.10% v/v	α-Pinene (61.60%)	[137]

Lavandula angustifolia (lavender)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	0.50 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		2.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)		0.50 mg/mL
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)		2.00 mg/mL
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.25 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		1.00 mg/mL

Lavandula pedunculata (French lavender)	MAC	T. mentagrophytes (clinical strains isolated FF7)	2% DMSO	0.64–1.25 μL/mL	1,8-Cineole (2.40–55.50%), fenchone (1.30–59.70%), camphor (3.60–48.00%)	[245]
		T. rubrum (CECT 2794)		0.32–1.25 μL/mL
		E. floccosum (clinical strains isolated FF9)		0.32–0.64 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical strains isolated FF1)		0.32–1.25 μL/mL
		M. gypseum (CECT 2905)		0.64–2.50 μL/mL

Lavandula stoechas (Spanish lavender)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)	2% DMSO	0.32 μL/mL	Fenchone (37.00%), camphor (27.30%)	[246]
		T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)		0.64 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)
		M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)
		T. rubrum (CECT 2794)
		T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)

Lavandula viridis (yellow lavender)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)	2% DMSO	0.32–0.64 μg/mL	1,8-Cineole (34.50% and 42.20%), camphor (13.40%)	[247]
		T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)		0.32 μg/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)		0.32–0.64 μg/mL
		M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)		0.32 μg/mL
		T. rubrum (CECT 2794)		0.32 μg/mL
		T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)		0.64 μg/mL
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)		0.32 μg/mL

Leptospermum scoparium (manuka)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.40% v/v	(−)-(E)-Calamenene (14.50%), leptospermone (17.60%)	[137]
Leptospermum scoparium (manuka)	MAC	T. rubrum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.30% v/v	(−)-(E)-Calamenene (14.50%), leptospermone (17.60%)	[137]

Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)	MIC	M. furfur (10 clinical isolates)	Tween 80	0.03–0.12% v/v	NCR	[268]
		M. sympodialis (10 clinical isolates)		(0.16 × 10⁻¹)–0.12% v/v
		E. floccosum		(0.08 × 10⁻¹)–0.03% v/v
		M. canis		(0.04 × 10⁻¹)–0.03% v/v
		M. gypseum		(0.16 × 10⁻¹)–0.03% v/v
		T. interdigitale		(0.08 × 10⁻¹)–0.03% v/v
		T. mentagrophytes		(0.08 × 10⁻¹)–0.06% v/v
		T. rubrum		(0.08 × 10⁻¹)–0.03% v/v
		T. tonsurans		(0.04 × 10⁻¹)–(0.16 × 10⁻¹)% v/v
		T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	tween 80	0.50 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)		2.00 mg/mL
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		8.00 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		1.00 mg/mL
	MAC	Madurella mycetomatis (34 clinical isolates)	DMSO	(0.08 × 10⁻¹)–0.25% v/v	NCR	[108]
		E. floccosum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.70% v/v	α-Terpinene (11.40%), γ-terpinene (22.50%), terpinen-4-ol (35.20%)	[137]
		T. rubrum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.60% v/v		[137]

Melaleuca cajuputi (cajuput)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.60% v/v	1,8-Cineole (55.50%)	[137]
Melaleuca cajuputi (cajuput)	MAC	T. rubrum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.60% v/v	1,8-Cineole (55.50%)	[137]

Melaleuca quinquenervia (niaouli)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.60% v/v	1,8-Cineole (61.20%)	[137]
Melaleuca quinquenervia (niaouli)	MAC	T. rubrum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	0.60% v/v	1,8-Cineole (61.20%)	[137]

Mentha piperita (peppermint)	ADM	T. mentagrophytes (SP-12)	Sodium taurocholate	3.00 μg/mL	Menthol (36.40%)	[125, 126]
Mentha piperita (peppermint)	MIC	Dermatophytes clinical isolates (M. canis, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans)	Tween 80	1.00–2.50 μL/mL	Menthol (37.40%), menthyl acetate (17.40%), menthone (12.70%)	[91]

Mentha spicata (spearmint)	MIC	Dermatophytes clinical isolates (M. canis, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans)	Tween 80	0.075–2.25 μL/mL	Carvone (49.50%), menthone (21.90%)	[91]
Mentha spicata (spearmint)	MIC₉₀	M. furfur (clinical isolate)	1% DMSO	125.00 μg/mL	NCR	[269]

Myrtus nivellei (Sahara myrtle)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)	2% DMSO	0.64 μL/mL	1,8-Cineole (37.50%), limonene (25.00%)	[251]
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)		1.25 μL/mL
		M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)		0.64 μL/mL
		T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)		1.25 μL/mL
		T. rubrum (CECT 2794)		0.64 μL/mL
		T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)		1.25 μL/mL
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)		1.25 μL/mL

Ocimum basilicum (basil)	ADM	T. mentagrophytes	n.m.	8.30 μg/μL	Estragole (45.80%), linalool (24.20%)	[253]
		T. tonsurans		8.00 μg/μL
		T. rubrum		8.30 μg/μL
		E. floccosum		15.00 μg/μL
		M. canis		15.20 μg/μL

Ocimum gratissimum (African basil)	ADM	M. gypseum (5 clinical isolates)	Tween 80 + DMSO	250.00 μg/mL	NCR	[270]
		T. rubrum (10 clinical isolates)		250.00 μg/mL
		T. mentagrophytes (10 clinical isolates)		250.00 μg/mL
		M. canis (5 clinical isolates)		500.00 μg/mL

Origanum vulgare (oregano)	ADM	T. mentagrophytes	n.m.	1.00 μg/μL	Carvacrol (61.30%), thymol (13.90%)	[253]
		T. tonsurans		1.00 μg/μL
		T. rubrum		1.20 μg/μL
		E. floccosum		2.00 μg/μL
		M. canis		2.00 μg/μL
		M. canis (11 clinical isolates)	Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)	0.03–0.05%	p-Cymene (14.30%), γ-terpinene (11.20%), thymol (45.00%)	[266]

Pelargonium graveolens (geranium)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	0.50 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.25 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		0.50 mg/mL

Pimpinella anisum (anise fruits)	MAC₈₀	T. rubrum	n.m.	0.20% v/v	Anethole, anisaldehyde, linalool	[256]
		T. mentagrophytes		0.78% v/v
		M. canis		0.10% v/v
		M. gypseum		0.20% v/v

Pogostemon patchouli (patchouli)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	8.00 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		>32.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)		2.00 mg/mL
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)		2.00 mg/mL
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.50 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		8.00 mg/mL

Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	4.00 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		8.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)		8.00 mg/mL
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)		4.00 mg/mL
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.50 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		8.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum	n.m.	1.38 mg/mL	NCR	[171]
		M. gypseum	n.m.	2.75 mg/mL	NCR	[171]
		M. canis (11 clinical isolates)	Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)	2.34–7.50%	1,8-Cineole (27.50%), α-pinene (23.40%)	[266]
	MIC₉₀	M. furfur (clinical isolate)	1% DMSO	260.00 μg/mL	NCR	[269]

Syzygium aromaticum (clove)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)	DMSO	0.16 μg/mL	Eugenol (85.30%)	[258]
		T. rubrum (clinical isolate FF5)		0.16 μg/mL
		T. mentagrophytes		0.100 μg/mL
		(clinical isolate FF7)		0.100 μg/mL
		M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)		0.08–0.16 μg/mL
		M. gypseum		0.16 μg/mL
		(clinical isolate FF3)		0.16 μg/mL

Thymus herba-barona (thyme)	MAC	E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)	2% DMSO	0.16 μL/mL	Carvacrol (54.00%), thymol (30.20%)	[246]
		T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)
		T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)
		M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)
		T. rubrum (CECT 2794)
		T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)
		M. gypseum (CECT 2908)

Thymus magnus (thyme)	MIC	T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)	Ethanol + Tween 80	0.09 μg/mL	Thymol (39.80%)	[260]

Thymus quinquecostatus (thyme)	MIC	T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)	Ethanol + Tween 80	0.04 μg/mL	Thymol (41.70%), γ-terpinene (16.00%), p-cymene (13.00%)	[260]

Thymus schimperi (thyme)	ADM	Trichophyton spp. (nail isolate)	DMSO	0.31 μL/mL	NCR	[232]
		Trichophyton spp. (scalp isolate)		0.08 μL/mL
		Microsporum spp.		0.08 μL/mL

Thymus serpyllum (thyme)	MIC	M. canis (11 clinical isolates)	Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)	0.025–0.10%	Carvacrol (72.00%)	[266]

Thymus tosevii (thyme)	MIC	Dermatophytes clinical isolates (M. canis, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans)	Tween 80	(0.25–0.75) × 10⁻¹μL/mL	Geranyl acetate (17.90%), α-terpinyl acetate (12.30%), carvacrol (12.80%), thymol (10.40%), cis-myrtanol (11.20%)	[91]

Thymus vulgaris (thyme)	MIC	T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)	Tween 80	0.50 mg/mL	NCR	[264]
		T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)		0.50 mg/mL
		T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)		0.50 mg/mL
		T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)		1.00 mg/mL
		T. mentagrophytes	n.m.	2.20 μg/μL	thymol (47.90%)	[253]
		T. tonsurans		2.20 μg/μL
		T. rubrum		2.00 μg/μL
		E. floccosum		4.00 μg/μL
		M. canis		2.20 μg/μL
		Dermatophytes clinical isolates (M. canis, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans)	Tween 80	0.03–0.50 μL/mL	Thymol (48.90%), p-cymene (19.00%)	[91]
		T. rubrum (clinical isolate)	Tween 80	72.00 μg/mL	Thymol (44.71%), γ-terpinene (26.01%), α-cymene (21.22%)	[271]

Thymus zygis subsp. sylvestris (thyme)	MAC	T. rubrum (CECT 2794) T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7) M. canis (clinical isolate FF1) M. gypseum (CECT 2908)	2% DMSO	0.16–0.32 μL/mL	p-Cymene (11.00–17.00%), γ-terpinene (3.80–11.50%), linalool (3.50–30.0%), geraniol (0.10–19.80%), thymol (5.20–23.80%), carvacrol (1.30–25.00%), geranyl acetate (0.50–20.80%)	[263]

^aScientific name (common name), part of plant (if applicable).

^bMIC: microdilution method; MAC: macrodilution method; ADM: agar dilution method; CTA: contact time assay.

^cAmerican Type Culture Collection, Rockville, USA (ATCC), Colección Espanõla de Cultivos Tipo (CECT), collection of microorganisms of the Department of Microbiology (MFBF), Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (KCCM).

^dDMSO concentration was not included; n.m.: not mentioned.

^eNI: no inhibition.

^fNCR: no composition results reported.