Table 4.
Predictors of unrecognized HIV infection among HIV-positive MSM in Baltimore BESURE study 2004–2005 (n=142) and 2008 (n=125)
| Socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics | Wave 1 (2004–2005) Unrecognized HIV infection
|
Wave 2 (2008) Unrecognized HIV infection
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI)a | Unadjusted PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI)a | |
| Socioeconomic | ||||
| Race Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4.14 (1.88–9.13) | 3.95 (1.92–8.15) | 1.62 (0.95–2.76) | 1.39 (.89–2.19) |
| Other | 3.90 (1.58–9.61) | 3.48 (1.68–7.21) | 2.11 (1.25–3.55) | 1.51 (.96–2.40) |
| Age | ||||
| < 24 years old | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 25–34 years old | 0.77 (0.63–0.96) | 0.88 (0.84–0.93) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) |
| 35–44 years old | 0.59 (0.48–0.72) | 0.75 (0.64–0.88) | 0.93 (0.73–1.18) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) |
| > 45 years old | 0.43 (0.25–0.75) | 0.55 (0.37–0.84) | 0.59 (0.41–0.84) | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) |
| Current Homeless | ||||
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 0.98 (0.47–2.01) | 0.98 (0.70–1.36) | ||
| Education | ||||
| Graduate education | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| College or some college | 1.09 (0.88–1.34) | 1.53 (.82–2.87) | ||
| High school education or less | 1.08 (0.68–1.72) | 1.49 (0.82–2.73) | ||
| Sexual Identity | ||||
| Homosexual | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Bisexual | 1.09 (0.86–1.38) | 1.12 (.98–1.28) | ||
| Heterosexual or other | 1.08 (0.69–1.70) | .69 (.17–2.83) | ||
| Sexual Behaviors | ||||
| # male sex partners last 12 mos | ||||
| One (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| 2 to 3 | 1.61 (1.12–2.31) | 1.48 (1.10–1.98) | .98 (0.78–1.23) | |
| 4 to 8 | 1.48 (1.00–2.18) | 1.30 (0.98–1.73) | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | |
| 9 or more | 1.36 (0.93–1.97) | 1.30 (0.98–1.73) | .93 (0.68–1.27) | |
| In past 12 months, any sex with: | ||||
| Men only | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Men and women | 1.19 (0.99–1.48) | 1.24 (1.08–1.41) | ||
| In past 12 months | ||||
| No UAI | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| UAI with main partners only | 1.35 (1.08.–1.70) | 1.11 (.88–.1.40) | ||
| UAI with casual/exchange partners | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 1.02 (.85–1.23) | ||
| Drug Use Behaviors | ||||
| Ever injected drugs | ||||
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Yes | .83 (.59–1.16) | 1.19 (0.92–1.54) | ||
| Injection drug use last 12 months | ||||
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.10 (.75–1.60) | 1.17 (0.86–1.58) | ||
| Non-injection drug use last 12 months | ||||
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.87–1.46) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | ||
| Health History and Insurance | ||||
| Been told by MD had any STD: | ||||
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 0.77 (0.61–.97) | 0.85 (0.67–1.10) | ||
| Health insurance | ||||
| No health insurance (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Public | 0.64 (0.49–0.83) | 0.84 (0.68–1.03) | 0.91 (0.73–.99) | |
| Private | 0.75 (0.55–1.02) | 0.88 (0.84–0.93) | 0.90 ( 0.70–1.16) | |
| Visit doctor’s office last 12 mos | ||||
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Yes | 0.59 (0.50–0.70) | 0.88 (0.84–0.93) | 0.76 (0.63–0.91) | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) |
a
All variables with p < .05 in the univariate analysis were included in the log-binomial model