Table 1.

Caveolin-1 acts as a cancer suppressor in multiple malignancies.

Cancer type	Biofunction	Mechanisms	Reference number
Pancreatic cancer	Cancer suppressor	Inhibiting the EGFR, c-Raf, Mek, and Erk pathways; attenuating the expression of MMPs; inducing apoptosis; and inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase	[30, 90, 91]
Breast cancer	Cancer suppressor	Inducing apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, suppressing glycolysis, downregulating the expression of growth factors, inhibiting lysosomal function, inhibiting autophagy, activating the p53 pathway, inhibiting the AMPK pathway, and inhibiting the Ca2+-activated potassium channels	[32, 34–36, 40, 42, 43, 95, 96, 98–101]
Colon cancer	Cancer suppressor	Inhibiting MMP-4 expression, facilitating cyclooxygenase-2, and EGFR degradation	[33, 44, 92, 93]
Melanoma	Cancer suppressor	Suppressing the integrin/Src/FAK pathway	[41, 94]
Leukemia cancer	Cancer suppressor	Inducing apoptosis, inducing the cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, suppressing the VEGF redox signal transduction cascades	[82, 84]
Gastric Cancer	Cancer suppressor	Inducing the expression of E-cadherin, inhibiting fibroblast activation, suppressing the Ras/ MAPK pathway	[85–87, 103]
Rhabdomyosarcoma	Cancer suppressor	Suppressing the MAPK pathway, promoting muscular differentiation	[89]
Advanced prostate cancer	Cancer suppressor	Suppressing epithelial Akt activation	[102]
Osteosarcoma	Cancer suppressor	Inhibiting c-Src activity and the Met pathway	[104]