Table 3.
Bone-related blood and urine biomarkers with AA-MF or GMP-MF1.
| Test | n | AA-MF | GMP-MF | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Biomarkers 2 | ||||
| Vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, pg/mL | 19 | 65.4 ± 3.39 | 71.9 ± 4.10 | 0.079 |
| Vitamin D, 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 28 | 33.6 ± 1.53 | 33.8 ± 1.70 | 0.797 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 30 | 9.07 ± 0.07 | 9.10 ± 0.07 | 0.706 |
| BSAP, µg/L | 26 | 17.0 ± 2.20 | 17.0 ± 2.08 | 0.966 |
| BSAP (females), µg/L | 18 | 12.9 ± 1.08 | 13.6 ± 1.37 | 0.455 |
| BSAP (males), µg/L | 9 | 25.2 ± 5.42 | 23.8 ± 5.05 | 0.416 |
| NTX, nmol/L BCE | 27 | 17.1 ± 0.65 | 17.5 ± 0.66 | 0.629 |
| NTX (females), nmol/L BCE | 18 | 14.7 ± 1.94 | 15.0 ± 1.48 | 0.345 |
| NTX (males), nmol/L BCE | 9 | 21.1 ± 1.98 | 18.4 ± 2.56 | 0.370 |
| Urinary biomarkers 3 | ||||
| Basic | ||||
| Volume, L/d | 8 | 1.74 ± 0.22 | 1.66 ± 0.16 | 0.88 |
| Creatinine, mg/d | 8 | 2921 ± 497 | 1987 ± 417 | 0.02 |
| Total protein, mg/d | 8 | 129 ± 21 | 151 ± 32 | 0.47 |
| Specific gravity | 8 | 1.016 ± 0.002 | 1.018 ± 0.002 | 0.38 |
| Titration | ||||
| Renal net acid excretion, mEq/d | 8 | 47 ± 11 | −20 ± 12 | 0.002 |
| Ammonium (NH4+), mmol/d | 8 | 44 ± 6 | 16 ± 5 | 0.0007 |
| Titratable acid, mmol/d | 8 | 3 ± 7 | −36 ± 8 | 0.005 |
| Mineral excretion | ||||
| Chloride, mEq/d | 8 | 295 ± 50 | 212 ± 51 | 0.052 |
| Calcium, mg/d | 8 | 350 ± 81 | 217 ± 59 | 0.01 |
| Magnesium, mg/d | 8 | 260 ± 32 | 178 ± 35 | 0.03 |
| Phosphorus, mg/d | 8 | 1478 ± 281 | 1293 ± 366 | 0.08 |
| Potassium, mEq/d | 8 | 126 ± 20 | 112 ± 20 | 0.49 |
| Sodium, mEq/d | 8 | 266 ± 44 | 210 ± 33 | 0.22 |
| Sulfate, mEq/d | 8 | 34 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 0.0008 |
1Values are means ± SE. The p values included in this table represent the treatment comparisons.
2Results are based on fasting venipunctures obtained during the clinical trial with AA-MF or GMP-MF [17]. Vitamin D and bone turnover markers were measured in serum and calcium was measured in plasma. Statistical analysis included ANOVA with effects for treatment, baseline, sequence, and treatment-sequence interaction. NTX was analyzed by ANCOVA with baseline levels as a covariate. For all other tests, baseline was not significantly different.
3Results are based on 24-hr urine collections with AA-MF or GMP-MF. Statistical analysis included ANOVA with effects for treatment, genotype, and treatment-genotype interaction. There were no significant genotype effects for urinary biomarker excretion comparisons. AA-MF, amino acid medical foods; GMP-MF, glycomacropeptide medical foods; BSAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; NTX, N-terminal telopeptide.