Table 3.
Features comparing neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis and multiple sclerosis
| Sarcoidosis | Multiple sclerosis | |
|---|---|---|
| Race: black:white | 3–5:1 | 1:2–5 |
| Female predominance | Yes | Yes |
| Anterior uveitis | Yes | Yes |
| Cranial nerve paralysis | Yes (especially 7th) | Occasional |
| Chest imaging (chest x-ray or computer tomography scan) | ||
| Hilar/mediastinal | 50%–60% | 0% |
| Adenopathy | ||
| Parenchymal lung disease | 30%–50% | 0% |
| Extraocular/Neurologic features associated with sarcoidosis | ||
| Skin | Erythema nodosum | |
| Lupus pernio | ||
| Macular popular lesions | ||
| Hepatic | Increased alkaline phosphatase | |
| Calcium metabolism | Hypercalcuria | |
| Hypercalcemia | ||
| Elevated vitamin | ||
| D-1,25 | ||
| Laboratory testing | ||
| Angiotensin converting enzyme elevation | 60% | |
| Gallium/PET scan | 50%–50% | |
| Pathology | Noncaseating granuloma | |
| Cerebral spinal fluid findings | ||
| Increased lymphocytes | Common | Mild increase in lymphocytes |
| Increased protein | Common | Can occur |
| Low glucose | Unusual | Rare |
| Oligoclonal bands | Can occur | Very common |
| IgG index | Commonly increased | Almost always increased |
Abbreviation: PET, positron emission tomography.