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Collapsed forks are normally repaired by homologous recombination (HR). If HR fails, double-strand breaks on different chromosomes may be repaired by the alternative nonhomologous end joining (aNEHJ) backup pathway. The aNHEJ pathway can mediate chromosomal translocations, however, and thus is a riskier repair mechanism for the cell. aNHEJ = alternative nonhomologous end joining; DSB = double-strand break; HR = homologous recombination.
