. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Treat Options Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 11;8(4):275–296. doi: 10.1007/s40506-016-0086-4

Table 9.

Measures to maximize favorable treatment outcome

Measures	Key references
Test NTM for resistance to macrolide and possibly the aminoglycosides	(27, 34, 35, 41)
Use at least a three-drug regimen of azithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol for MAC-LD, thrice weekly for non-cavitary minimal disease and daily for cavitary and more severe disease	(29, 42–44)
If rifampin is used with macrolides, the dose of macrolides may need to be increased and preferably, macrolide levels checked	(34, 45, 122)
Consider including intravenous or inhaled amikacin for those with more severe or cavitary disease	(27, 47, 48)
Take measures to avoid re-exposure such as avoidance of aerosolized soil and water	(123)
Consider increasing hot water heater temperature to 130°F	(124, 125)
Airway clearance mechanisms for bronchiectasis (e.g., Acapella^® valve, Aerobika^®, TheraVest^®, hypertonic saline)	(126)
Surgical lung resection for severe but localized disease in selected patients	(29, 110)