TABLE 5.
Pathogenic strain | Mechanism(s) of induction into the VBNC state | Reference |
Enterotoxigenic E. coli | Salt water; sunlight; starvation | 44, 45, 55 |
Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli | Oxidative stress (H2O2); High Pressure CO2; salt water; chlorination; starvation | 10, 11, 13, 35, 43, 55 |
Enteropathogenic E. coli | Starvation | 55 |
Enteroaggregative E. coli | Starvation and/or copper ion treatment; chlorination | 56 |
VBNC, viable but non-culturable.