Table 3.

Study outcomes and adjustments

					95% CI
Study	Outcome	Adjusted	Adjustments	Estimate	Lower	Upper	p
Hagan 1995 [40]	Odds ratio	y	Sex, race/ethnicity, duration of drug injecting	0.14	0.03	0.62
Hagan 2004 [41]	Hazard ratio	n		1.40	0.90	1.90
Holtzman 2009 [42]	Odds ratio	y	Sex, age in years, race/ethnicity, education, source of income, site, study time period, injection risk behaviors, and HIV serostatus	1.49	0.96	2.29
Patrick 2001 [43]	Hazard ratio	y	Not described	2.56	1.37	4.79
Roy 2007 [44]	hazard ratio	n		3.02			0.18
Todd 2015 [45]	Hazard ratio	n		1.72	1.07	2.76