Figure 4.

Effects of docetaxel and YK-4-279 alone or in combination on LNCaP and PC-3 cell invasion. LNCaP and PC-3 cells were pre-treated for 48 hours with YK-4-279 and docetaxel alone or in combination. The cells were trypsinized and resuspended in complete medium (1%FBS) and seeded at a density of 5 × 10⁵ cells/ml in the top chamber(200µl/chamber), while 600ul complete medium (20%FBS) was added to the lower chamber. The cells were treated with docetaxel and YK-4-279 alone or in combination for an additional 24h.After fixation and staining, the cells that had invaded to the lower membrane of the inserts were counted and images were captured. Invasion was expressed relative to vehicle treated conditions. Significant invasion (% of control) between a combination group and a single-agent-treated group were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).