Table 10. Salt intake outcomes with interventions detailed in other publications.
| Study | Study type | Geographical scope | Aim and main outcomes | Policies analysed | Relevant results | Quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laatikainen et al. (2006)25 | Cross-sectional population surveys | Finland |
Aim: to present trends in urinary sodium and potassium excretion from 1979 to 2002 Outcomes: salt intake as measured by urinary sodium excretion |
1) Reformulation 2) Mass media campaigns 3) Labelling |
Between 1979 and 2002 salt intake as measured by sodium excretion decreased from over 12.7g/day to less than 9.8g/day among men and from nearly 10.4 to less than 7.5g/day among women. In 1979 the most educated North Karelian men had lower salt intake compared to the least educated being 11.4 g in the highest education tertile and 13.1 g in the lowest tertile. Respectively, in 2002, the salt intake in southwestern Finland among women in the highest education tertile was 6.7g compared to 8.1g in the lowest tertile | Good |
| Otsuka et al. (2011)101 | Longitudinal study | Japan |
Aim: to describe salt intake over 8 years according to age groups. Also to examine whether salt intake changes over time in middle-aged and elderly Japanese subjects Outcomes: salt intake |
In stratified analyses by age, mean salt intake in men decreased 0.08 g/year among 40- to 49-year-olds, 0.09 g/year among 50- to 59-year-olds, 0.16 g/year among 60- to 69-year-olds, and 0.14 g/year among 70- to 79-year-olds. For women, mean salt intake decreased 0.08 g/year among 70- to 79-year-olds (P0.098). | Fair | |
| Du et al. (2014)102 | Ongoing open cohort study | China | Aim: to analyse the patterns and trends of dietary sodium intake, potassium intake and the Na/K ratio and their relations with incident hypertension. Outcomes: salt intake as measured per 24h dietary recalls | Labelling & media campaign | Salt intake decreased from 16.5g/day in 1991 to 11.8g/day in 2009 | Fair |
| Miura et al. (2000)103 | Report | Japan |
Aim: to present the status of salt consumption, salt-reducing measures/guidance methods in individual and population strategies to reduce salt intake Outcomes: salt intake |
The National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2010 reported that the mean salt intake in adults was 10.6 g/day. There was an ~4 g decrease in comparison with that in 1972 (14.5 g), when salt intake was investigated for the first time in the National Nutrition Survey |
Poor |