HepAD38 cells were left untreated (tet-) or treated with 10 μM LAM, 2 μM Bay 41-4109, 20 μM AT-61, 5 μM DVR-23, alone or in the indicated combinations for 5 days in the absence of tet. HBV RNA and core-associated DNA were analyzed by Northern and Southern Blot hybridization assays, respectively. For RNA analysis, ribosomal RNAs (28S and 18S rRNA) served as loading controls. The positions of HBV pgRNA and 2.4 and 2.1 kb mRNA encoding viral envelope proteins are indicated. The HBV RNA species accumulated in the cells treated with LAM was indicated as novel RNA. For core-associated HBV DNA, the forms of relaxed circular (RC), double stranded linear (DSL) and single stranded (SS) DNA are indicated.