Table 1. List of examined salivary protein biomarkers for OSCC in different countries.
The proteins included in the studies carried out in different countries are indicated. The proteins in bold were found to be potential biomarkers for OSCC. The abbreviations of protein names are used according to gene name.
| Country | Examined proteins | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | C1R, C3, C4B, CFB, FAM49B, LCN2, LRG1, SERPINA1, SLPI, TAGLN2 | [16] |
| China | CEACAM5, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9 | [37,59] |
| Croatia | FGF2, IL6 | [51] |
| Hungary | CAT, CD44, CD59, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL8, KRT19, LGALS3BP, PROF1, S100A9, TNF, TXN, VEGF | present study |
| India | LDH**, MUC16, IL-8 | [13,58,64] |
| Iran | IL1A, IL6, IL8, TNF | [35] |
| Israel | ALB, CEACAM5, CCNDBP1, KRT19, EGFR, IGG, IGF1, LDH, MKI67, MMP2, MMP9, MUC16, OGG1, SRC, SERPINB5, sIgA**, SERPINB3, TPA*** | [54–56] |
| Italy | STATH, BIRC5 | [52,53] |
| Japan | DEFA1, IL1B, IL6, IL8, SPP1 | [34,39,40] |
| Serbia | IL1B, IL8, M2BP | [33] |
| Taiwan | ALB, AMY**, ANXA2, APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, C4BPA, C6, C9, CCNDBP1, CD109, CHIT1, EGFR, EPHX1, FSCN1, FABP, GSTM1, HEP2, HEXA, HIST1H2AA, HPRT, HSD17B4, ICAM3, IGHA2, IGHV1-2, IGKV1D-12, IGKV4-1, IGLV1-47, ITIH2, ITIH4, NKIRAS1, KNG1, PRCP, RETN, RPL7, S100A8, SERPINA6, SLC4A1, TF, TMEM132A, TUBA1C, VTN, ZN497, ZN501 | [42–45] |
| United Kingdom | P53ab | [41] |
| USA | ACT**, FGF2, CAT*, CD44, CD59, EDN1, H1F0, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL8, INL, KRT19, LGALS3BP, MSN, MYL**, PROF1, RAB7A, S100A12, S100A7, S100A9, S100P, TNF, VEGFA | [29–32,36,46–50,38,65] |
*In case of catalase protein there are controversial data; in the study carried out by Hu et. al. [36] it was reported as potential biomarker but the study carried out by de Jong et. al. [38] could not confirm this finding.
** Specific isoforms are undistinguishable.
*** Mixture of fragments of cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19.
ACT: actin, ALB: serum albumin, AMY: α-amylase, ANXA2: annexin A2, APOA1: apolipoprotein A1, APOA2: apolipoprotein A2, APOA4: apolipoprotein A–IV, BIRC5: Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5, C1R: complement C1r subcomponent, C4B: complement C4-B, C4BPA: C4b-binding protein α chain, C3: complement C3, C6: complement C6, C9: complement C9, CAT: catalase, CCNDBP1: cyclin D1-binding protein 1, CD44: CD44 antigen, CD59: CD59 antigen, CD109: CD109 antigen, CEACAM5: carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5, CFB: complement factor B, CHIT1: chitotriosidase-1, DEFA1: human neutrophil defensin 1, EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor, EDN1: endothelin-1, EPHX1: epoxide hydrolase 1, FABP4: fatty acid-binding protein adipocyte, FAM49: protein FAM49B, FGF2: basic fibroblast growth factor 2, FSCN1: fascin, GSTM1: glutathione S-transferase Mu1, H1F0: histone H1.0, HEP2: heparin cofactor 2, HEXA: β-hexosaminidase subunit α, HIST1H2AA: histone H2A type 1-A, HPRT: haptoglobin-related protein, HSD17B4: peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2, ICAM3: intercellular adhesion molecule 3, IGF1: insulin-like growth factor I, IGG: immunoglobulin G, IGHA2: immunoglobulin alpha-2 chain C region, IGHV1-2: immunoglobulin heavy variable 1–2, IGKV1D-12: immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-12, IGKV4-1: immunoglobulin kappa variable 4–1, IGLV1-47: immunoglobulin lambda variable 1–47, IL1A: interleukin-1α, IL1B: interleukin-1β, IL6: interleukin-6, IL8: interleukin-8, INL: involucrin, ITIH2: inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, ITIH4: inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, KNG1: kininogen-1, KRT19: cytokeratin-19, LCN2: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, LGALS3BP: galectin-3-binding protein, LRG1: leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, MKI67: proliferation marker protein Ki-67, MMP2: matrix metalloproteinase 2, MMP9: matrix metalloproteinase 9, MSN: moesin, MUC16: cancer antigen 125, MYL: myosin regulatory light polypeptide, NKIRAS1: NF-kappa-B inhibitor-interacting Ras-like protein 1, OGG1: N-glycosylase/DNA lyase, SPP1: osteopontin, SRC: Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, P53ab: p53 autoantibody, PRCP: lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase, PROF1: profiling 1, RAB7A: Ras-related protein Rab-7a, RETN: resistin, RPL7: 60S ribosomal protein L7, S100A7: protein S100-A7, S100A8: protein S100-A8, S100A9: protein S100-A9, S100P: protein S100-P, SERPINA1: alpha-1-antitrypsin, SERPINA6: corticosteroid binding globulin, SERPINB3: serpin B3, SERPINB5: serpin B5, sIgA: secreted immunoglobulin A, SLC4A1: band 3 anion transporter, SLPI: antileukoproteinase, STATH: statherin, TAGLN2: transgelin-2, TF: serotransferrin, TMEM132A: transmembrane protein 132A, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, TUBA1C: tubulin-α-1C chain, TPA: tissue polypeptide antigen, TXN: thioredoxin, VEGFA: vascular endothelial growth factor A, VTN: vitronectin, ZN497: zinc finger protein 497, ZN501: zinc finger protein 501.