Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical variables
| Variables | Cases | Controls |
|---|---|---|
| No. | 128 | 43 |
| Female | 96% | 100% |
| Age, y | 55 ± 10 | 51 ± 10 1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.3 ± 7.6 | 25.6 ± 3.7 1 |
| Race, non‐Caucasian | 31 (24.2%) | 17 (39.5%) |
| Tobacco use | ||
| Current | 2 (1.6%) | 2 (4.7%) |
| Former | 38 (29.7%) | 13 (30.2%) |
| Never | 88 (68.8)% | 27 (62.8) |
| History of hypertension | 69 (53.9%) | 0 |
| History of diabetes | 23 (18.0%) | 0 |
| History of hyperlipidemia | 70 (54.7%) | 1 (2.3%) |
| Family history of premature coronary artery disease | 83 (64.8%) | 13 (30.2%) |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 68 ± 8 | 65 ± 6 1 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 67 ± 12 | 64 ± 11 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 128 ± 20 | 119 ± 14 1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 62 ± 13 | 66 ± 9 1 |
| Medications | ||
| β‐blockers | 54 (42.2%) | 0 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 29 (22.7%) | 0 |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors | 13 (10.2%) | 0 |
| Nitrates | 50 (39.1%) | 0 |
| Statins | 74 (57.8%) | 0 |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 16 (12.5%) | 0 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; LV, left ventricular.
Date are presented as mean ± standard deviation or absolute frequency (%).
1
P < 0.05.