Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 18.
Published in final edited form as: Oncogene. 2016 Dec 12;36(20):2868–2878. doi: 10.1038/onc.2016.440

Figure 7. Schematic model of miR-708/KPNA4/TNF-α and β signaling pathway that regulates PCa microenvironment and bone metastasis.

Figure 7

In primary prostate tumor, miR-708 decrease in the cancer cells causes abnormal high expression of KPNA4, which will subsequently increase the TNF-α and β expression. Enrichment of TNF-α and β in tumor microenvironment can promote both of cancer cell mobility and M2 polarization of TAMs. On the other hand, increased TNF-α and β can enhance the osteoclastogenesis in bone environment, and eventually accelerate prostate cancer bone metastasis.