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. 2017 May 18;7:2137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02337-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Obestatin increases muscle force. Obestatin or PBS (vehicle) was administrated via intramuscular injection in freeze-injured TA muscle (100-, 300 or 500-nmol/kg/72-h during 30 days). Uninjured TA muscles were taken as control to establish that the damage area was large enough to decrease force (n = 6 per group). Muscle force measurements were assessed after the last dose. (a) Effect of intramuscular injection of obestatin on twitch force at 30 days following injury. (b) Effect of intramuscular injection of obestatin on tetanic force at 30 days following injury. (c) Force-frequency curve of TA muscles in control and obestatin- or PBS-treated groups. Data in a and b were expressed as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05 versus injured muscle+vehicle control values). Data in c were expressed as a percentage of the maximal force generated at 200 Hz (mean ± SEM).