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. 2017 May 18;7:2137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02337-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Obestatin increases oxidative fiber density and fiber diameter. (a) Left panel, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining from TA from uninjured control, vehicle- and obestatin-treated muscles. Right panel, quantitation of total, glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers from TA muscles (100-, 300 or 500-nmol/kg/72-h during 30 days). Data are shown as mean ± SEM 6 animals per group (*^,#,&p < 0.05 versus control values). (b) Cross sectional area of glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers from TA muscles after intramuscular injection of obestatin. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of 6 animals per group (*^,#p < 0.05 versus control values). (c) Distribution of oxidative and glycolytic fiber diameters from control, vehicle- and obestatin-treated mice. (d) Left panel, representative images of uninjured control, vehicle- and obestatin-treated TA muscles showing MHC expression. Mouse muscle serial cross-section incubated with a primary antibody cocktail against MHCI, MHCIIa, and MHCIIb (upper panels) or MHCIIa, and MHCIIx (lower panels), followed by incubation with appropriate fluorescent-conjugated secondary antibodies. Right panel, quantitation of fiber types. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of 6 animals per group (^*,#,&,$p < 0.05 versus control values).