Table 4.
Published selected results of combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy
| Author | Number of patients | EBRT, dose | BT, number of fractions, fraction dose, method | Prescription depth | Results of treatment | Statistical analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foo et al. [21] | 24 | Median: 50.4 Gy, 1.8 Gy/fraction | 192Ir seeds, 20 Gy (median) | BT – 20/24 dose prescribed at 10 mm, 2/24 – 5 mm, 7.5 and 7.0 mm in 1/24 patient | MS: 12,0 months 2 yrs: 18,8 months 5 yrs: 14,1 months |
p = 0.39 |
| Fritz et al. [28] | 30 | 30-45 Gy in 25 patients | HDR, 5-10 Gy fractions, total dose 20-45 Gy | Dose prescribed at 10 mm | MS: 10 months 2 yrs: 18% 5 yrs: 8% |
n.d. |
| Yoshioka et al. [32] | 1. 153 2. 56 |
Median: 50 Gy, fractions 1.8 or 2.0 Gy | 1. No 2. 18 Gy median (3 × 6 Gy fractions) HDR |
2. 43/56 cases – dose prescribed at 10 mm, 4/56 – at 12 mm, 5/56 – at 5 mm | 1. OS (2 yrs): 40% DSS (2 yrs): 41% LC (2 yrs): 35% 2. OS (2 yrs): 31% DSS (2 yrs): 42% LC (2 yrs): 65% |
LC – p = 0.094 |
| Veeze-Kuijpers et al. [37] | 42 | 30 Gy (15 fractions at 2 Gy), since 1985 – 40 Gy in 16 fractions at 2.5 Gy | 192Ir wire, 15 Gy/75 hours, 2 sessions (schedules changed for some patients) | Dose prescribed at 10 mm | MS: 10 months15% of patients ≥ 2 yrs | n.d. |
| Gonzalez Gonzalez et al. [38] | 1. Group I – 41 (+ surgery), Group II – 19 (unresectable) | 1. 45 Gy (median) 2. 48 Gy (median) |
192Ir wire 1. 10 Gy 2. 22-25 Gy |
BT – dose prescribed at 10 mm | 1. MS: 24 months 2. MS: 10.4 months |
n.d. |
| Eschelmann et al. [39] | 11 | 25-56 Gy, fractions 1.8-2.0 Gy |
192Ir wire 25 Gy (mean dose), 15-31 Gy |
BT – dose prescribed at 10 mm | MS: 22.6 months | n.d. |
| Takamura et al. [40] | 93 | 50 Gy, 25 fractions at 2 Gy |
192Ir wire 27-50 Gy (median 39.2) |
BT – dose prescribed at 5 mm | MS: 2 yrs: 15 months5 yrs: 4 months | n.d. |
| Shin et al. [41] | 1. 17 2. 14 |
36-55 Gy (median 50.4) | 1. No BT 2. 3 × 5 Gy HDR |
BT – dose prescribed at 1.5 mm | 1. RR: 53% 2. RR: 36% 1. OS (2 y): 0% 2. OS (2 y): 21% |
RR – p > 0.05 OS – p = 0.015 |
| Schleicher et al. [42] | 1. 18 2. 12 |
Median: 30 Gy, 19 fractions at 1.6 Gy | 1. No BT 2. median 40 Gy, 4-5 fractions, HDR |
BT – dose prescribed at 5 mm | 1. OS: 3.9 months 2. OS: 9.1 months |
OS – p < 0.05 |
| Kamada et al. [43] | 1. 42 2. 103 |
Median 40-50 Gy, fractions at 2.0-2.5 Gy |
192Ir wire 1. No BT 2. 25 Gy |
BT – dose prescribed at 5 mm | 1. MS: 4.3 months 2. MS: 9.3 months |
n.d. |
| Ghafoori et al. [44] | 1. 8 2. 23 |
30-62 Gy, median – 45 Gy, fractions 1.8 to 3 Gy |
192Ir wire 1. Yes (median 25 Gy) 2. No BT |
BT – dose prescribed at 5-10 mm | 1. MS (2 yrs): 22 months (5 yrs) – 13 months 2. MS (5 yrs): 5 months |
p = 0.096 |
EBRT – external beam radiotherapy, BT – brachytherapy, MS – median survival, yrs – years, n.d. – no data, HDR – high-dose-rate, OS – overall survival, DSS – disease specific survival, LC – local control, RR – recurrence rate