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. 2017 May 18;7:2096. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02152-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Exploration of the serotonin-melatonin pathway in the blood. (a) The serotonin and melatonin synthesis pathway. (b) Platelet AANAT activity. (c) Platelet ASMT activity. (d) Correlation between platelet NAS concentration and ASMT activity (regression after log transformation of ASMT, n = 579). (e) Correlation between plasma melatonin and platelet ASMT activity (regression after log transformation of melatonin and ASMT, n = 641). (f) Contour plot of platelet NAS concentration, AANAT and ASMT activities in patients (red dots) and controls (green dots). (g) Contour plot of plasma melatonin concentration, platelet AANAT and ASMT activities in patients (red dots) and controls (green dots). Blood samples were taken in the morning from 239 individuals with ASD, their first-degree relatives (303 parents and 78 unaffected sibs), and 278 controls. Boxes indicate medians and quartiles. Dashed lines indicate the threshold of the 95^th (for NAS) or 5^th (for melatonin, AANAT and ASMT) percentile of the control group. Groups were compared using the Wilcoxon two-sample test.